匹配追踪在变转速齿轮故障诊断中的应用

Application of Matching Pursuit Algorithm in Fault Diagnosis of Varying Speeds Gears

针对变转速工况下低速级断齿齿轮产生的加速度信号含有冲击共振,且准平稳成分能量低的特点,通过最值搜索直接确定故障齿轮轴每转一圈出现的单个冲击响应峰值的时刻。基于相关滤波法根据峰值时刻右侧较短的时间序列获得模态参数估计(固有频率和阻尼比),减少了计算量。根据冲击字典,使用匹配追踪算法对时域冲击响应成分进行提取;再将去除冲击成分的余量转换到角域,根据稳态调制字典从角域余量中提取系统的平稳型故障特征。仿真与实验表明时域冲击和角域平稳型故障分量被很好的重构;利用阶次跟踪,实现了振动特征提取和齿轮箱的故障诊断。

Aiming at the problem that the acceleration signal generated by the low-speed broken gear under speed variations contains the impact resonance,and the energy of quasi-stationary component is lower,a new fault diagnosis method for varying speeds gears is presented.The time of the single impulse component peaks emerged within each rotation of the fault gear shaft,is determined directly with searching extreme value.It makes the cost reduction of calculation,as the parameters estimation of modal(natural frequencies and damping ratio)are calculated according to the shorter time series on the right side of the peaks time based on correlation filtering.The time domain impulse response component is extracted by matching pursuit algorithm via the impact dictionary.After removing the impact component from original vibration,residual signal is converted into the angular domain.The steady-type fault feature of the system is extracted from angular residual signal by utilizing the quasi-steady modulation dictionary.Simulation and experimental results show that the impulse component in time domain and steady-type fault components of angular domain are reconstructed well.Feature extraction of vibration and fault diagnosis of the gearbox are implemented with order tracking.