农村畜禽养殖污染参与式治理实践难题及对策分析

Practical difficulties and countermeasure analysis for participatory governance in rural livestock and poultry breeding pollution

中国农村畜禽养殖业存在养殖面广、养殖数量大、养殖地点分散和隐蔽等问题。如何吸纳市场主体和社会主体等其他相关利益主体参与治理,是优化传统的"自上而下"政府单向管控型农村畜禽养殖污染防治模式的重要途径。笔者对广西乃至全国重要畜禽养殖基地Y市农村畜禽养殖污染防治模式进行了调查。结果表明:Y市设计了相对完善的环境保护框架系统,初步形成了政府与其他多元主体合作治理网络。但是在参与式治理实践中仍面临诸多难题,包括利益主体的参与能力低、治理手段缺乏互补与共融、缺乏对第三方污染控制企业的监管等。并提出通过民主赋权重塑参与治理机制、健全相关治理依据、促进治理手段多元化、构建对第三方污染控制企业的长效监管机制等建议措施,以形成政府主导、多元主体参与农村畜禽养殖污染治理的优化模式。

The livestock and poultry breeding industry in China’s rural has many problems,such as wide breeding area,large breeding quantity and scattered and hidden breeding places.It is an important way of pollution prevention and control of rural livestock and poultry breeding to optimize the traditional"top-down"government one-way management and control model that how to absorb market subject,social subject and other relevant interest subject to participate in the treatment.The pollution prevention and control model of rural livestock and poultry breeding was investigated in Y City,which is an important livestock and poultry breeding base in Guangxi and even the whole country.The results show that a relatively complete environmental protection framework system has been designed in Y city,and a cooperative governance network between the government and other multi-agents has been preliminarily formed.However,there are still many difficulties in the practice of participatory governance,including the low participation capacity of stakeholders,the lack of complementary and integrated governance means,and the lack of supervision of third-party pollution control enterprises.Therefore,some approaches have been put forward,such as reshaping the participatory governance mechanism through democratic empowerment,improving the relevant governance basis,promoting the diversification of governance means,and establishing a long-term supervision mechanism for third-party pollution control enterprises,to form a optimization model of government-led and multi-subject participation in rural livestock and poultry breeding pollution control.