不同中草药复方对断奶仔猪生长性能、免疫、抗应激及抗氧化能力的影响

Effects of different Chinese herbal medicines on growth performance,immunity,stress resistance and antioxidant capacity of weaned piglets

为了研究不同中草药复方饲料添加剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、免疫机能、抗应激及抗氧化能力的影响,试验选取968头体重6.5 kg左右的"长×大"二元杂交断奶仔猪,按公母各半随机分为4组,分别为对照组、中草药复方Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组,每组6个重复,每个重复约40头猪。其中对照组共248头断奶仔猪,只饲喂基础日粮;中草药复方Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组断奶仔猪分别为250,235,235头,分别在基础日粮中添加0.3%中草药饲料添加剂Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ。试验前、试验结束后称取断奶仔猪体重,记录仔猪每天的采食量及腹泻、生病、死淘情况。计算日增重、日采食量、料重比、腹泻率、发病率、死淘率;饲养第30天采血检测生长激素(GH)、类胰岛素样生长因子(IGF-Ⅰ)、三碘甲腺原氨酸(T3)、甲状腺素(T4)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、一氧化氮(NO)、皮质醇(COR)、丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽过氧化氢酶(GSH-Px)的含量及肌酸激酶(CK)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性。结果表明:与对照组比,三个中草药复方组的日采食量均显著或极显著增加(P<0.05或P<0.01),中草药复方Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组猪的日增重显著或极显著增加(P<0.05或P<0.01)。与对照组比,三个中草药复方组的料重比都略有提高,其中中草药复方Ⅲ组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。各中草药复方组猪的腹泻率、发病率和死淘率均呈现下降的趋势,但与对照组比均差异不显著(P>0.05)。三个中草药复方组的血清GH和IGF-Ⅰ含量均有一定的提高,中草药复方Ⅰ组和中草药复方Ⅱ组的T3含量与对照组比均极显著下降(P<0.01)。与对照组比,中草药复方Ⅰ组和中草药复方Ⅱ组的T4含量均有一定下降,而中草药复方Ⅲ组的T4含量较对照组有所升高,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。与对照组比,三个中草药复方组的IgG含量均差异不显著(P>0.05),中草药Ⅱ组的IgM含量显著下降(P<0.05),TNF-α含量显著增加(P<0.05);三个中草药复方组的NO含量都有所增加,但与对照组比均差异不显著(P>0.05);三个中草药复方组的MDA含量均低于对照组,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。中草药复方Ⅲ组的CK、SOD活性及COR、GSH-Px含量均升高,而LDH活性降低。说明此三种中草药复方饲料添加剂对断奶仔猪的生长发育均有促进作用。

In order to investigate the effects of different Chinese herbal compound feed additives on the growth performance,immune function,anti-stress and antioxidant capacity of weaned piglets.A total of 968"long×large"binary weaned piglets weighing about 6.5 kg were randomly divided into 4 groups according to gender,which were control group,Chinese herbal compound groupⅠ,ⅡandⅢ,and each group had 6 replicates with about 40 pigs,male and female half.Among them,248 weaned piglets in the control group were fed only the basic diet;250,235,and 235 weaned piglets in the Chinese herbal compound groupⅠ,groupⅡ,and groupⅢwere added with 0.3%Chinese herbal medicine feed additiveⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲto the basic diet,respectively.The body weight of weaned piglets was weighed before and after the experiment,and the daily intake,diarrhea,illness and death of the piglets were recorded.Daily weight gain,daily intake,feed to weight ratio,diarrhea rate,morbidity and death rate were calculated.Blood samples were collected to detect the plasma indicators of Growth hormone(GH),Insulin-like growth factor(IGF-I),Triiodothyronine 3(T3),and Thyroxine 4(T4),Immunoglobulin G(IgG),Immunoglobulin M(IgM),Tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),Nitric oxide(NO),cortisol(COR),Malondialdehyde(MDA),Glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)and Creatine kinase(CK),Lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)and Superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity,on the 30 th day of feeding.The results showed that,compared with the control group,the daily feed intake of the three Chinese herbal medicine compound groups were significantly or extremely significantly increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the daily weight gain of the Chinese herbal medicine groupⅠandⅢgroups was significantly or extremely significantly increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Compared with the control group,the weight-to-weight ratios of the three Chinese herbal medicines group were all slightly increased,and the Chinese herbal compoundⅢgroup was significantly higher than the control group(P<0.05).The diarrhea rate,morbidity and death rate of pigs in each Chinese herbal medicine compound group showed a downward trend,but there was no significant difference compared with the control group(P>0.05).The serum GH and IGF-Ⅰcontents of the three Chinese herbal medicine compound groups all were increased to a certain extent,and the T3 content of the Chinese herbal compoundⅠand Chinese herbal compoundⅡgroups was decreased extremely significantly compared with the control group(P<0.01).Compared with the control group,the T4 content of the Chinese herbal compoundⅠand the Chinese herbal compoundⅡgroups both was decreased to some extent,while the T4 content of the Chinese herbal compoundⅢgroup was increased compared with the control group,but the difference was not significant(P>0.05).Compared with the control group,there was no significant difference in the IgG content(P>0.05).The IgM content of the Chinese herbal medicine groupⅡwas decreased significantly(P<0.05),and the TNF-αcontent was increased significantly(P<0.05);the NO content of the three Chinese herbal medicine compound groups all was increased,but there was no significant difference from the control group(P>0.05);the MDA content of the three Chinese herbal medicine compound groups was lower than that of the control group,and the difference was not significant(P>0.05).The CK,SOD activity and COR,GSH-Px content of the three Chinese herbal medicine groupⅢwere increased,while the LDH activity was decreased.It indicated that these three Chinese herbal medicine compound feed additives could promote the growth and development of weaned piglets.