3D打印技术制备器官芯片的研究现状

Fabrication of Organ-on-a-Chip by 3D Printing Technology

器官芯片是一种新兴的体外生物模型,在生物医学领域有重要的应用前景。但是,相关研究的开展通常受限于器官芯片繁琐和昂贵的制备过程。近年来,科研工作者借助3D打印技术,实现器官芯片制备的简易化、低成本化,以及芯片结构复杂化和成型一体化。这一技术的突破,有力推动器官芯片相关研究的发展,为其在生物医学领域的广泛应用提供有力支持。综述3D打印制备器官芯片的研究现状,主要包括器官芯片的发展背景、传统制造方法的局限性、3D打印器官芯片的技术分类及其生物医学应用。列举5种基于不同成型原理的3D打印方法,归纳比较各方法的工艺特点以及制备器官芯片时的适用范围,探讨3D打印制备肝、肾、血管、心脏等器官芯片的具体实例和效果。最后分析该技术的不足之处,并展望这一领域的发展趋势。

Organ-on-a-chip is an emerging in vitro biological model with great prospects in biomedical researches.However,its development is often limited by the cumbersome and expensive fabrication process.Recently,researchers have adopted 3 D printing technology into the fabrication and therefore made this process simpler and less expensive.Besides,this strategy also increased the complexity of chip structure and allowed the one-step fabrication.3 D printing technology has strongly promoted organ-on-a-chip related researches and contributed to its wide application.This paper reviewed the research status of 3 D printing technology in the fabrication of organ-on-a-chip,including the development background of organ-on-a-chip,limitations of traditional fabrication methods,the technical classification and biomedical applications of 3 D printing technology.Five 3 D printing methods were listed based on different forming principles,and their characteristics and applications in chip fabrication were compared as well.Besides,the applications of 3 D printing technology in the construction of liver,kidney,blood vessel,heart and other organs-on-chips were also discussed.Finally,we concluded with our thoughts on the challenges and future perspectives of this technology.