我国生殖医学伦理委员会的困境及对策

The Dilemma and Countermeasures of Reproductive Medical Ethics Committee in China

人类辅助生殖技术给无数不育夫妇带来新希望,也引发一系列伦理和社会问题。自2001年原卫生部要求开展人类辅助生殖技术的医疗机构设立生殖医学伦理委员会以来,已有效推动了我国辅助生殖技术的规范化管理,但相对于已较规范的医院医学伦理委员会,生殖医学伦理委员会仍存在法律法规无法满足现实需求、教育培训不到位、伦理委员会审查能力不足、监督效率低和咨询难以满足等问题。应修订法律法规以保障生殖医学伦理委员会有章可循,从伦理查房、病历抽查和调查患者入手强化监督,通过确保初始审查质量、落实随访等跟踪审查、培训委员和增进同行交流以提升审查能力,加强医护人员、患者和大众的多层次教育培训以提升生殖伦理意识,并采用多渠道、新形式提供咨询服务。中国生殖医学伦理委员会任重道远,需不断借鉴国内外医学伦理委员会经验,结合自身条件加快建设,为更多不育夫妇保驾护航。

Human assisted reproductive technology has brought new hope to countless infertile couples and has triggered a series of ethical and social problems.Since the establishment of Reproductive Medicine Ethics Committee by former Ministry of Health in 2001,medical institutions that have implemented human assisted reproductive technology have effectively promoted the standardized management of assisted reproductive technology in China,but compared with the more standardized hospital medical ethics committee.Reproductive Medicine Ethics Committee still has several problems,laws and regulations cannot meet the actual needs,education and training are not in place,the ethics committee has insufficient review ability,the supervision efficiency is low,and the consultation is difficult to meet.The laws and regulations should be revised to ensure that Reproductive Medicine Ethics Committee has rules to follow,the supervision should be strengthened from ethical rounds,medical record spot checks and investigation of patients;by ensuring quality of initial review,implementing follow-up and tracking reviews,training committees and enhancing peer exchanges to improve the review ability;also from the multi-level education and training of medical staff,patients,and the public to enhance reproductive ethics awareness;providing multi-channel and new forms of consulting services.Reproductive Medicine Ethics Committee in China has a long way to go.It is necessary to learning from experience of medical ethics committees at home and abroad to speed up the construction in combination with its own conditions,and to protect more infertile couples.