论儒家德性伦理对医学生职业道德教育的启示

The Enlightenment of Confucian Moral Ethics to Professional Ethics Education of Medical Students

儒家德性伦理思想由来已久,它根植于中国传统的政治经济生活中,强调个体的道德行为以其内在的德性品质为基础,是源于个体自身道德意识的内在呼唤。基于此,儒家德性伦理建构了以“仁爱”为核心精神,以天理良心为价值尺度,以主体“幸福”“修齐治平”为目标要求,以情理交融、“存养扩充”为方法机制的道德教育思想,从而开创了道德教育思想的新理路。与规范伦理学单纯考察人的外在行为是否合乎规范相比,德性伦理学更加强调通过内在的情感规约来引导人们践行道德行为规范,显示出情感与理性的统一,对人们形成稳定的价值体系支撑及其道德实践信念起到了积极的推动作用。深入挖掘其中的道德资源,发挥其中蕴含的教化功能,对加强医学生医德建设具有重要的启示和借鉴意义。

Confucian ethics of virtue has a long history,which is rooted in and permeated into the traditional political and economic life of China.It emphasizes that individual moral behavior is based on their inherent virtue quality,which is the internal call of individual moral consciousness.Based on this,Confucian moral ethics constructs the moral education thought with“benevolence”as the core spirit,natural conscience as the value scale,subject“happiness”and“governing peacefully”as the objective requirements,and the method mechanism with integration of emotion and reason and“preservation and expansion”,thus creating a new way of moral education thought.Compared with normative ethics,which only examines whether the external behavior of human beings conforms to the norms,virtue ethics emphasizes more on guiding people to practice the moral behavior norms through the internal emotional conventions,showing the unity of emotion and rationality,which plays a positive role in promoting people to form a stable value system and their moral practice beliefs.It is of great enlightenment and reference significance for strengthening the construction of medical ethics of medical students today to dig deeply into the moral resources and give play to the educational functions contained therein.