钠离子电池用电解质材料的研究进展

A review on research progress in electrolytes for sodium-ion batteries

钠离子电池因钠源丰富、成本较低而受到科研工作者的广泛关注.钠离子电池主要由正极、负极、电解质、电流收集器等部分组成.相对于电极材料的研究,电解质材料的研究相对较少.但作为电池的组成部分,电解质却起着平衡及传输电荷的重要作用,其各组分的前线轨道(frontier molecular orbitals)能量不仅决定了电池的电化学平台,也影响着电池的热稳定性,而且,其稳定性及离子电导率是决定电池性能的关键参数.本文从优秀电解质应具备的特点入手,综述了常见液态电解质及固态电解质材料的结构特点、性质及主要改进方法.

Recently, sodium-ion batteries have attracted great attention due to extensive sodium resources and low-cost. The sodium-ion batteries are composed of a cathode, anode, electrolyte, and current collectors. In comparison to the number of studies on electrodes, a number of studies on electrolytes have been still rare. However, the electrolytes can balance and transfer charges, so they play an important role in batteries;the energy levels of frontier molecular orbitals of electrolyte components determine the electrochemical windows and affect the thermostability of batteries. Thus, the stability and ionic conductivity of electrolytes are critical factors that define battery performances. In this paper, according to the type of electrolytes, the structural characteristics, properties, and improved methods of the common liquid and solid electrolytes are reviewed.