日本鲭资源评估与管理研究现状

Review on Stock Assessment and Management of Chub Mackerel(Scomber japonicus)

日本鲭(Scomber japonicus)属于暖水性中上层鱼类,是我国重要的中上层鱼类资源之一,也是北太平洋渔业组织的主要管理对象,在海洋渔业中占据重要地位,为了渔业资源的可持续利用,必须制定合理的渔业管理计划,对渔业资源进行科学管理。科学的资源评估是制定渔业管理计划的基础,渔业资源评估模型是进行渔业资源评估的重要工具,因此对日本鲭资源进行科学的评估和管理是一个极为重要的课题。日本鲭具有分布广、生长快、游泳能力强、趋光性繁殖等特点,资源量极易受海洋环境影响,给日本鲭的资源评估和有效管理带来了很大的困难。本文综述了日本鲭的生活史特点,总结了目前应用于日本鲭的资源评估模型与方法,分析了我国和日本对日本鲭的资源管理制度以及日本太平洋海域自1970年起日本鲭资源量的变动情况。同时,本文对应用于日本鲭的资源评估模型中存在的优缺点进行了探讨,并提出未来应结合气候和环境因子,在传统评估模型的基础上开发和建立新的有效的资源评估模型,为合理的利用及管理该资源提供依据。

The chub mackerel(Scomber japonicus)is the warm water and pelagic fish species,which is one of the important pelagic fish species in Chinese offshore and the main management target of fishery organization in the North Pacific Ocean,playing an important role in marine fisheries.In order to maintain the sustainability of fishery resources,it is urgent to develop rational fishery management plans and conduct a correct fishery management.The fishery management plans should base on fisheries stock assessment and the fishery stock assessment models are important tools for this.Therefore,it is an important topic for us to assess and manage S.japonicus.The lifestyle of S.japonicus is featured by wide distribution,fast growth,strong swimming ability and phototropism.Its variable resources are easily affected by environmental condition,which is problems for stock assessment and management of S.japonicus.In this study,we introduced the biological characteristics of S.japonicus.We also concluded the stock assessment models and methods which were used on the species.In addition,we reviewed the fishery management system of S.japonicus in China and Japan and variety of the biomass of the pacific-cohort since 1970.We discussed the advantages and disadvantages in fishery stock assessment models and suggested that a new effective stock assessment model combined with climatic and environmental factors should be developed and established for rational utilization and management of the species in the future.