不同地类对麻竹竹笋品质的影响

Effect of different land types on the quality of Dendrocalamus latiflorus shoots

比较分析不同地类栽培下的麻竹笋外观形态、可食率及营养品质等指标的差异,旨在为麻竹高品质竹笋培育提供参考。试验采集3个地类(林地、农业用地、河岸冲积地)栽培下的麻竹笋,对竹笋外观形态、可食率及营养品质等指标进行调查测定。结果表明,不同地类对麻竹竹笋的外观形态、可食率及营养品质等方面具有一定影响。3种地类中农业用地竹笋的笋个体质量、基径、长度、可食率、灰分、蛋白质、氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸含量均高于林地和河岸冲积地的竹笋,林地竹笋的纤维素、木质素含量均低于农业用地和河岸冲积地的竹笋。不同地类麻竹竹笋的水分、氨基酸、必需氨基酸、脂肪、还原糖、淀粉、维生素C含量及必需氨基酸比例差异不显著。综上所述,农业用地所产竹笋相比林地、河岸冲积地而言,具有笋体大,可食率高等特点。由于农业用地所产竹笋蛋白质、粗纤维、灰分及氨基酸总量较高,致使其笋肉味甘鲜嫩、脆爽可口。此外,农业用地所产竹笋在脂肪、糖类等营养指标方面含量较低,是符合现代人饮食需求的健康食品。

The differences in appearance quality, edible rate and nutrient quality of Dendrocalamus latiflorus bamboo shoots cultivated under different land types were compared and analyzed, so as to provide a reference for the cultivation of high quality bamboo shoots. We collected three Dendrocalamus latiflorus bamboo shoots cultivated in three land types(forest land, agricultural land and river bank alluvial land), and investigated the appearance, edible rate and nutrient quality of bamboo shoots. The results showed that different land types had certain effects on the appearance, edible rate and nutritional quality of Dendrocalamus latiflorus shoots. The individual quality, stalk, length, edible rate, ash, protein, total amino acid and essential amino acid contents in Dendrocalamus latiflorus shoots grown in agricultural land were higher than those of bamboo shoots in forest land and river bank alluvial land;the contents of cellulose of woodland bamboo shoots and lignin in Dendrocalamus latiflorus shoots grown in forest land was lower than those in agricultural land and river bank alluvial land. The differences in the contents of water, amino acid, essential amino acid, fat, reducing sugar, starch, vitamin C and the essential amino acid ratio in different types of bamboo shoots were not significant. In summary, the bamboo shoots produced in agricultural land have the characteristics of large bamboo shoots and high edible rate compared with those in forest land and river bank alluvial land. Because of higher total amount of protein, crude fiber, ash and amino acids in the bamboo shoots under the agricultural land type, the bamboo shoots are sweet, crisp and delicious. In addition, the bamboo shoots produced in agricultural land have low indicators such as fat and sugar, indicating which are healthy and can meet the dietary needs of modern people.