升金湖湿地生态系统健康评价与越冬候鸟的响应

Shengjin Lake wetland ecosystem health assessment and the response of overwintering migratory birds

湿地生态环境及越冬水禽是升金湖自然保护区主要保护对象,其生态系统健康评价对生态系统修复及越冬水禽数量的恢复具有重要意义。利用ERDAS软件将1986、1990、1995、2000、2004、2008、2011及2015年共计8个年份冬季的TM影像数据解译划分为8种景观类型,用FRAGSTATS软件计算出各个年份的景观指标。根据升金湖湿地压力、状态、响应3方面选取10个指标,构建了升金湖湿地生态系统健康评价指标体系,利用逻辑斯蒂增长曲线模式(Logisticgrowthmodel)对这些单项指标进行评价,然后运用层次分析(AHP)的方法确定各个单项因子在指标体系中的权重,最后对1986到2015年升金湖湿地生态系统运用综合评价模型进行综合的评价分析。2015年升金湖生态系统健康综合评价值为0.430,属于亚健康的状态,应及时加强升金湖湿地生态保护措施。通过1995年与2015年对比得知人口密度增长10%以上,人类干扰指数增长了6.685,人类的干扰压力是导致湿地功能下降的主要因素;从状态分析与响应分析可以看出升金湖湿地修复功能处于不稳定的状态。通过越冬候鸟数量与湿地生态系统健康的关系可以看出越冬侯鸟数量的变化是随着湿地的生态系统健康评价状况变化而变化。

Wetland ecological environment and overwintering waterfowl are the main protection objects for Shengjin Lake Natural Reserve. The ecosystem health assessment has great significance to the restoration of ecosystem and the increase of the number of wintering waterfowl. In this paper, TM remote sensing images(1986, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2004, 2008, 2011, 2015) were interpreted to 8 landscape types by using ERDAS software. Then, the landscape index was calculated by using FRAGSTATS software. According to the aspects of pressure, state and response of Shengjin Lake wetland, 10 indexes were selected to construct health assessment index system of Shengjin Lake wetland ecosystem. These individual indicators were evaluated in line with the Logistic growth model(LGM). The weight of each single factor in the index system was calculated using AHP, respectively. Finally, the comprehensive evaluation model was used to evaluate the wetland ecosystem of Shengjin Lake from 1986 to 2015. Results showed that the value of wetland health assessment was 0.430 in 2015, which belonged to the sub-health state. Which indicated the ecological protection measures should be made in time. Through the comparison of health value between 1995 and 2015, the phenomenon was found that the human disturbance index increased by 6.685, when the population growth of more than 10%. Which showed the pressure of human interference was the main factor leading to the decline of wetland function. At the same time, it can be seen from the state analysis and response analysis that the restoration function of the wetland in Shengjin Lake is in an unstable state. Through the relationship between the number of wintering migratory birds and the wetland ecosystem health, it could be seen that the number of overwintering migratory birds changes with the change of wetland ecosystem health status.