学术集权抑或行政集权--从大学院到教育部的建制及其反思

Academic Centralization or Administrative Centralization--From the System of the Ministry Education and Research Nationalist Government to the System of the Ministry of Education

国民政府初期,蔡元培通过改教育部为大学院,使教育行政与教育学术一体化,形成学术集权,却最终陷入"教育浪漫主义陷阱";蒋梦麟通过"建立良好制度",分离教育行政与教育学术,助成行政集权,却忽略了良制运行中个体人格与责任感的重要性。总结这一历史经验,可为当前我国建立现代大学制度和完善现代大学治理结构提供借鉴。一方面,要正视教育行政的积极作用,避免在"去行政化"的呼声中掉入"教育浪漫主义陷阱";另一方面,在建立良制的同时,更应强调通过教育培养有责任感和健全人格的个体,夯实良制运行的社会基础。

Cai-Yuanpei changed the Ministry of Education into the Ministry Education and Research Nationalist Government,integrated education administration with education academic,and formed academic centralization;as a result,he fell into the trap of educational romanticism.Then,Jiang Meng-lin separated educational administration from educational academy,and centralized educational administration;however,he ignored the importance of individual personality and responsibility.It offered the reference for establishing the modern university system and improving the modern university governance structure.Therefore,the positive role of educational administration should be stressed,to avoid educational romanticism;besides,cultivating the individuals with responsibility and sound personality should be emphasized,to consolidate the social foundation.