吴语汤溪方言古阳声韵和入声韵的演变——介绍一种无辅尾的韵母系统

The development of Middle Chinese finals with nasal and stop endings in the Tangxi Wu dialect:An introduction to a system of finals without consonant endings

吴语汤溪方言韵母系统演变剧烈,古阳声韵和入声韵已全部彻底丢失鼻音韵尾和塞音韵尾,也无鼻化韵,成为一种“无辅尾”的韵母系统。本文整理分析汤溪话韵母的古今演变规律,认为低元音是导致鼻尾消失的动因,咸山宕江四摄和梗摄二等的鼻尾先丢失,深臻曾梗除二等外通五摄后丢失。相应的阳声韵与入声韵之间有严格的“同变”关系。辅音韵尾消失以后,主要依靠韵母系统内部的调整、细分和多样化来增强语音的区别度。

From a diachronic perspective,the system of finals in the Tangxi Wu dialect underwent a dramatic change.It has dropped all the nasal and stop endings,and developed no nasalized ones,thus becoming a system of finals without consonant endings.This paper analyzes the development of such a system,and suggests that low vowels are the cause of the loss of nasal endings.The nasal endings in the finals of xian(咸),shan(山),dang(宕),jiang(江)and geng(梗,division Ⅱ)groups were dropped earlier than those in the finals of shen(深),zhen(臻),zeng(曾),geng(梗,except division Ⅱ)and tong(通)groups.Besides,a kind of synchronized change can be noticed in the development of corresponding finals with stop endings.After the disappearance of endings,phonetic contrast between finals mainly depends upon the internal adjustment,segmentation and diversification within the system.