不同叶果比对沃柑产量和品质的影响

Effect of Different Leaf-Fruit Ratio on Yield and Quality of Orah

沃柑丰产性好,品质佳,但生产上常因挂果量过多和管理不善导致大小年结果和树体黄化早衰等现象。本试验以两年生沃柑为试材,于2019年8月-2020年1月在马山县周鹿镇沃柑园进行,分别设(A)15∶1、(B)20∶1、(C)25∶1、(D)30∶1、(E)35∶1、(F)40∶1等6个不同叶果比进行疏果,常规管理,于2020年1月14日采收测产并测定果实品质指标,拟比较筛选出沃柑适宜叶果比,克服大小年结果缺陷,提高产量和品质。结果表明:ABCDEF 6个处理的平均单果质量分别为121.89 g、132.95 g、155.81 g、166.9 g、123.75 g和145.58 g;平均可溶性固形物分别为11.27、13.53、13.1、14.2、13.0和13.4;可滴定酸分别为1.09、0.97、1.19、0.88、1.05和1.03;维生素C分别为13.14、14.02、16.07、21.94、14.89和13.73。其中,叶果比30∶1的果实综合品质最好,叶果比25∶1单株产量最高。综合本试验结果,建议沃柑适宜叶果比为20~30∶1,同时进行合理的肥水管理和树势控制,实现丰产优质目的。

Orah has high yield and good quality, but excessive fruit setting and mismanagement often cause alternate bearing, etiolation and presenility in Orah production. Carried out an experiment in the Orah garden of Zhoulu town, Mashan county from August 2019 to January 2020. Set up six leaf-fruit ratios:(A)15∶1,(B)20∶1,(C)25∶1,(D)30∶1,(E)35∶1 and(F)40∶1 for fruit thinning, and conducted conventional management concurrently. Harvested fruits on January 14, 2020 to estimate fruit yield and determine fruit quality index to compare and screen out the suitable leaf-fruit ratio to overcome biennial fruit and improve fruit quality. Results showed that the average fruit weight of 6 treatments ABCDEF were 121.89 g,132.95 g, 155.81 g, 166.9 g, 123.75 g and 145.58 g, respectively;average soluble solids were 11.27, 13.53, 13.1, 14.2, 13.0 and 13.4, respectively;titratable acids were 1.09,0.97, 1.19, 0.88, 1.05 and 1.03, respectively;and vitamin C were 13.14, 14.02, 16.07,21.94, 14.89 and 13.73, respectively. The fruit comprehensive quality was the best in treatment D, and the yield per plant was the highest in treatment C. Based on the results recommended 20~30∶1 as the optimal leaf-fruit ratio, which can increase yield and improve quality by combining with rational management of fertilizer and water, control of tree potential.