ICU护士工作反应时间现况及影响因素分析

Characteristics and influencing factors of the Reaction Time among nurses in the Intensive Care Unit

目的 :比较可反映工作执行力的客观指标反应时间在ICU护士白、夜班上班前和下班后之间的差异及其影响因素。方法 :采用便利抽样法选取2家医院6个ICU的118名护士,通过自设一般资料问卷进行调查,使用精神运动警觉测试仪器实施测量。结果 :护士下班后(白班后为296.75 ms,夜班后为310.25 ms)反应时间均长于上班前(白班前为290.64 ms,夜班前为288.44 ms),夜班后(310.25 ms)长于白班后(296.75 ms),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。存在睡眠障碍的护士,夜班前(299.64 ms)及夜班后(363.33 ms)的反应时间均长于无睡眠障碍组(夜班前为285.56 ms,夜班后为306.40 ms)(P<0.05)。性别、孩子个数、医院工作年限、日工作时长、摄入咖啡因饮料、摄入甜品会对ICU护士上班前后反应时间产生不同程度的影响。结论 :建议护理管理者合理运用反应时间指标改善排班方法,识别其保护因素和危险因素,提高ICU护士工作执行能力。

Objective: As a measurable and objective indicator, the Reaction Time can effectively reflect the work execution capacity of nurses in the ICU. This study compared the differences of Reaction Time and analyzed its influencing factors among nurses in ICU before and after their working shifts. Methods: Following convenient sampling, using a selfdeveloped questionnaire, and the Psychomotor Vigilance Task, related information were collected from a total of 118 nurses in 6 ICUs from two local hospitals in the current study. Results: The Reaction Time of ICU nurses appeared to be significantly longer after their working shift(after day shift 296.75 ms, after night shift 310.25 ms) than before they started their shift(before day shift 290.64 ms, before night shift 288.44 ms), and the Reaction Time after night shift(310.25 ms) was longer than that(296.75 ms) of day shift(P<0.05). Among nurses with sleep disorders, their Reaction Time before night shift(299.64 ms) and after night shift(363.33 ms) were both longer than that among those without sleep disorders(before night shift 285.56 ms, after night shift 306.40 ms)(P<0.05). Gender, number of children, length of employment in hospital, length of working shifts, whether or not consumed caffeine drinks and desserts all had relative impacts on the Reaction Time among nurses in the ICUs before and after their working shifts, respectively(P<0.05). Conclusion: It is recommended to use the Reaction Time reasonably to improve the scheduling, identify related protective and risk factors, and improve the performance of nurses in the ICU.