智能机器时代的教育:方向与策略

Education in the Age of Smart Machines:Directions and Strategies

研究探讨第四次工业革命对教育的挑战和机遇,分析以人工智能等新技术为主导的智能机器时代需要的人才及其对教育的启示。通过对技术发展与人才价值关系的分析,得出应对智能机器挑战的教育策略应该是培养"人"的特点,拉大人与机器的差距,而不是让人更机器化。研究结果表明,传统上被低估的才能和兴趣,如艺术、娱乐、全球化能力、翻译能力、人际关系、个人素质等,随着人类获得更多的可支配的收入和时间而获得价值的。因此,教育应该去机器化,从培养同质化人才转向培养差异化人才,注重个体的独特性,群体中人才的多样性。这既是应对智能机器时代的策略,也是走出传统教育困境的方向。

The purpose of this article is to explore the challenges and opportunities facing education in the Fourth Industrial Revolution,and analyze the talents needed at a time when new technologies such as Artificial Intelligence are displacing human workers,and their enlightenment on education. An analysis of the relationship between technology and the value of human talents shows that to deal with the challenges aroused by smart machines,education needs to cultivate "human talents" by widening the gap between humans and machines rather than making humans more like machines;the author finds that such traditionally underestimated interests and skills as art,entertainment,globalization,translation ability,interpersonal relationships,and personal qualities will acquire their due value as humans get more disposable income and time. Therefore,education is supposed to move away from its tradition of homogenizing individuals into identical machine-like workers,and help individuals discover their unique talents and diversified interests. These strategies will help cater to the needs of the age of smart machines and step out of educational dilemmas.