身体的教育意蕴再探——兼论具身视角下青少年校外活动设计

A New Probe into the Educational Connotations of the Body--Focusing on Out-of-School Activity Designing

身体是个体生命活动与个体发展的载体。在身心二元的认识框架中,青少年教育与发展的"离身"状态给他们的人格发展、社会互动能力培养、情感与道德发展带来负面影响;让身体回归青少年的教育和成长过程,发挥具身活动在青少年认知、情感、道德发展中的教育意蕴,已成为当代哲学、心理学、教育学研究者的共识。青少年的身体蕴涵着健康、美学、认知、情感、道德、生命教育的价值,在以锻炼实践能力、拓展生命体验为主要目标的校外教育活动设计中,选择群体性的、真实任务定向的、最大程度运用肢体力量的活动,并在活动的组织与管理过程中实施"弱控制"原则,可以达成身体在活动中的教育之力和发展之能。

The body is the carrier of an individual’s life activities and development. The disembodied state in children’s education and development in the body-mind framework has produced a negative effect on the development of their personality,social interactions,emotions and morality. There is a broad consensus among researchers in philosophy,psychology,and pedagogy that their body is supposed to perform its functions and play its roles in their cognition,emotions,and morality. Children’s body contains the value of health,esthetics,cognition,emotions,morality and life education,and among the out-of-school activities targeting the cultivation of their ability to practice and the enlargement of their life experience,those collective,real task-oriented activities that make utmost use of the power of the limbs and follow the principle of weak-control management help the body perform its functions in their education and development.