教育代际流动与子女健康差异——基于中国综合社会调查的实证研究

The Intergenerational Mobility of Education and the Differences in Children’s Health--An Empirical Study Based on the CGSS Data

教育流动如何影响子女健康一直是学术界关注的重点,但目前尚缺乏严谨的经验证据。采用2015年中国综合社会调查数据,实证检验教育代际流动对子代健康的影响效应及传导机制。研究发现,家庭教育的"代际固化"现象日益加剧,受教育水平较高的父辈,其子女实现教育向上流动的几率更大;相比之下,受教育水平低的父辈,其子女往往没有足够的机会接受更高层次的教育,实现代际向上流动的可能性较小。教育代际向上流动对子代健康具有显著的促进作用,向上流动的距离越大,子代的健康状况越好,但这种影响效应会随着父辈与子代之间教育流动距离的缩小而不断减弱;收入水平、健康行为、幸福感和医疗保险参与是教育代际流动影响子代健康的重要路径。这些发现对制定教育规划,改善教育水平和转变生活方式,提高全民健康具有一定的政策启示。

How educational mobility affects children’s health has always been a major topic of academic research,but there is no rigorous empirical evidence. This study,based on the Chinese General Social Survey(CGSS)data in 2015,analyzes the effect of the intergenerational mobility of education on the health of offspring,and the mechanism for transmission. The results show the following: "Intergenerational solidification" in family education is significantly increasing:the children who have highly educated parents are more likely to receive higher-level education;in contrast,the children whose parents received poor education are less likely to have more opportunities to receive higher-level education;education for upward mobility significantly promotes children’s health:greater upward mobility indicates the better health of children,but this effect is weakened with the narrowing of the distance of educational mobility between parents and children;and family income,healthy behavior,sense of happiness,and medical insurance play an important role in the effect of the intergenerational mobility of education on the health of children. These findings can be used for reference in the development of educational programs,the improvement of education,the change of life styles,and the improvement of the health of all people.