新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间儿童家长身心状况及影响因素研究

Study on parents’physical and mental status and influencing factors during the outbreak of COVID-19

目的了解新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情期间儿童家长身心状况及其影响因素,为大规模疫情爆发期儿童家长应对疫情及心理辅导措施的制定提供数据支撑。方法应用自编调查问卷,通过网络平台对疫情发生后儿童家长的生理功能、情感功能、社会功能、认知功能、担心程度及睡眠情况等身心状况的变化进行调查,运用多元线性回归分析相关影响因素。结果本次回收有效问卷1552份。家长年龄越大,身心状况综合得分、担心程度及生理功能得分越低,状况越好(均P<0.05);文化程度越高、年龄越小儿童的家长综合得分及各维度得分越高,状况越差(均P<0.05);除社会功能和认知功能维度外,其他维度及综合得分城市高于农村(生理9.0±2.3vs 8.3±2.6、情感7.6±2.1vs 7.2±2.4、担心7.2±2.0vs 7.0±2.1、总分37.7±8.1vs 35.4±9.0,均P<0.05);有慢性病史及急诊就诊史的儿童家长各维度得分及总分高于无慢性病史及急诊就诊史的家长(均P<0.05)。家长文化程度越高、儿童年龄越小睡眠质量改变越明显,有慢性病史或急诊就诊史儿童的家长睡眠质量改变越明显(慢性病50.8%vs 34.7%、急诊就诊43.3%vs 33.7%),城市家长的睡眠质量改变高于农村家长(37.2%vs 22.3%),主要表现在入睡困难、失眠和多梦的检出率较其他家长明显增高(均P<0.05)。结论新冠肺炎疫情对儿童家长的身心状况有影响,特别是文化程度高、孩子年龄小及孩子健康状况差的家长影响更明显。

Objective To understand the physical and mental status of children’s parents during the outbreak of COVID-19 and its influencing factors,so as to provide data support for parents’response to the epidemic and the formulation of psychological counseling measures during the outbreak.Methods A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the physical and mental changes of parents after the outbreak of the epidemic,such as physiological function,emotional function,social function,cognitive function,worry degree and sleep quality.Multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the related influencing factors.Results 1552 valid questionnaires were collected.The older the parents were,the lower comprehensive scores of physical and mental status and the degree of worry and physiological function were(all P<0.05).The higher educational level of parents and the younger the children were,the higher comprehensive scores and scores of all dimensions for parents were,with the worse situation(all P<0.05).Excepting for the dimensions of social function and cognitive function,the scores of other dimensions and comprehensive scores in urban were higher than those in rural areas(physical dimension 9.0±2.3 vs 8.3±2.6,emotion dimension 7.6±2.1 vs 7.2±2.4,worry dimension 7.2±2.0 vs 7.0±2.1,total score 37.7±8.1 vs 35.4±9.0,all P<0.05).The scores of all dimensions and total scores of parents whose children with chronic medical history and emergency medical history were higher than those without this situation(all P<0.05).The more obvious the change in sleep quality was found in those parents with educational level or younger children.And the change of sleep quality was more obvious in parents whose children with chronic disease or emergency medical history(chronic disease 50.8%vs 34.7%,emergency medical history 43.3%vs 33.7%).In addition,the change of sleep quality of urban parents was higher than that of rural parents(37.2%vs 22.3%),mainly manifested by significantly higher detection rates of difficulty falling asleep,insomnia and dreaminess than other parents(all P<0.05).Conclusion The epidemic situation of COVID-19 had an impact on the physical and mental status of children’s parents,especially those with high level of education,young children and poor health status of their children.