脊髓灰质炎病毒及其疫苗研究现状

Current status of research on poliovirus and poliomyelitis vaccine

脊髓灰质炎疫苗接种策略引发了全球根除脊髓灰质炎进程的转折。从口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗(OPV)转向灭活脊髓灰质炎疫苗(IPV),前者可能导致疫苗衍生的脊髓灰质炎病毒循环和恢复毒力。目前使用的所有疫苗均来源于脊髓灰质炎病毒培养,Salk IPV还涉及野生型病毒。通过重组技术产生空的病毒衣壳,可以实现不使用病毒生产疫苗的目标,但迄今为止这样的病毒样颗粒(VLP)非常不稳定。本文对脊髓灰质炎病毒的生物学特性、脊髓灰质炎疫苗的发展现状及研究进展进行概述。

Worldwide efforts to eradicate polio causes a tipping point in polio vaccination strategies. A switch from oral polio vaccine(OPV)which can cause circulating and virulent reverse of vaccine-derived polioviruses to inactivated polio vaccine(IPV)is scheduled. All the current vaccines are derived from the poliovirus culture,of which Salk IPV is based on wild type virus. The production of empty viral capsids by recombinant techniques can solve the problem of vaccine production without the use of viruses. However,such virus-like particles(VLPs)have so far been very unstable. This review outlines the biological characteristics of poliovirus as well as the current status of polio vaccine development and research progress.