环境温度对微小型弹簧抗力的影响

Ambient Temperature Influence on Small Springs Resistance

为了找出环境温度对抗力的影响,通过理论推导和有限元法分析了弹簧抗力与环境温度的关系,并对两种方法的结果进行对比,最后经过试验验证得出结论:环境温度发生变化时,弹簧材料的弹性模量是导致其抗力变化的主要影响因素。单位温度下的弹簧抗力相对变化量是其材料膨胀系数的24倍,抗力值与温度值负相关。环境温度对弹簧抗力的影响只与材料有关,与结构和尺寸无关。材料影响对比:单位温度下弹簧钢的抗力相对变化量最小,锡青铜是弹簧钢的1.5倍,不锈钢介于两者之间。但抗力总体变化并不明显,对于引信工程应用而言一般可不予考虑。

In order to investigate the influence of ambient temperature on small springs resistance,the relationship between ambient temperature and resistance of small springs was analyzed through theoretical derivation and finite element analysis and then calculation results of the two methods were compared.Theoretical analysis and finite element simulation were validated by experiments.The results showed that the changes of elastic modulus and dimensions of spring wire were main factors that caused variation of resistance of springs when ambient temperature changed.Relative change in spring resistance per unit temperature was 24 times thermal expansion coefficient of the material and resistance was negatively correlated with temperature.The influence of ambient temperature on resistance of small springs was only relevant to material of the spring,regardless of their structure and size.It was also found that the material of spring had some influence on its resistance:the relative change of resistance of spring steels per unit temperature was the smallest,tin bronze was 1.5 times that of spring steels,and stainless steel was between the two,however,the overall change in resistance was not obvious.Thus the influence of materials on resistance of metal springs was generally not considered for fuze engineering applications.