高纬度地区多功能日光温室设计

Design of multi-functional solar greenhouses in high latitude areas

高纬度地区的传统日光温室常由于结构设计不合理,冬季生产需要补温,果蔬种植和加工环节分离,运输中容易发生冻害,制约该地区温室的冬季生产。该文基于传统日光温室优点及存在问题,结合高寒地区气候特点,从温室结构优化和功能创新2方面提出新型日光温室设计方案。利用经典温室设计理论,结合生产实际,对采光角度、前屋面弧度、保温性能等进行优化,并对雪荷载、风荷载、屋面活荷载、作物吊挂荷载进行计算,利用结构分析软件midas计算温室结构的受力稳定性,对温室各参数设计的合理性进行验证。优化结果为:总跨度16 m,一层种植部分跨度9 m,生产加工部分跨度7 m,总高度6.5 m,前屋面主采光角37°,土地利用率达到1.7。该设计实现了高纬度地区温室冬季不加温种植果蔬,利用传统温室后墙的遮阴部分,创造地上、地下3层使用空间,显著提高了土地利用率,实现种植、加工、存储多种功能集成,是高纬度地区日光温室的一种创新尝试,可以作为棚室种植园区的核心节点温室。

There were some design and building drawbacks of traditional solar greenhouses in high latitudes areas, such as smaller front-roof angle and poor heat storage and insulation, which decreased the indoor temperature of greenhouse and restricted vegetable growing in winter. Local planters had to supplement heat to increase vegetable yield and quality in winter,which added production cost. In addtion, because of the unreasonable spatial layout of traditional solar greenhouses and plantation planning and design, vegetable cultivation and processing links separated, and freezing damage occurred frequently in the course of transportation, which also restricted production of greenhouse. Based on the advantages and existing problems of traditional solar greenhouse, and combined with the climatic characteristics of high latitudes, this paper put forward a new design scheme of solar greenhouse from two aspects of greenhouse structure optimization and function innovation. Using the classical greenhouse design theory, combined with the vegetable production practice, the paper optimized the designs of greenhouse from lighting angle, front-roof radian, heat insulation, and calculated the snow load, wind load, moving and construction load and crop hanging load of the new-type solar greenhouse. Furtherly, the paper analyzed the load combined factor and determined key load combinations. Finally, the paper calculated the structural stability of each parameter of the greenhouse using structural analysis software Midas. According to the stability calculation results and relevant standards and norms in this industry, the rationality of design parameters were analyzed. The main design parameters were that the total span is 16 m, the span of the first floor planting part is 9 m, the span of production and processing part is 7 m, the total height is 6.5 m, the main lighting angle of the front-roof is 37°, and land utilization radio attains 1.7. The new-type solar greenhouse not only makes further use of solar energy, but also has good heat insulation performance. The design realizes that the greenhouse in high latitudes can grow fruits and vegetables without heating in winter. Based on the innovative use of traditional greenhouse shade part of the back wall, the new-type solar greenhouse has three-layer space from aboveground to underground, i. e. storage space, production and processing space and potting space. The design improved significantly the land utilization and realized multiple functions, such as planting, processing, storage. The new-type solar greenhouse is an innovative exploration in high latitudes, which can serve as an important role in greenhouse vegetables plantation.