陕南地区1960—2015年气温时空变化特征分析

Temporal and spatial variation characteristics of air temperature in southern Shaanxi during 1960—2015

以陕南及周边26个气象站点1960—2015年日气温为基础数据,使用相关分析、线性倾向估计、样条函数插值、Mann-Kendall检验等方法,分析了陕南地区气温时空变化特征。结果表明:(1)1960—2015年陕南地区年均温呈弱上升趋势(0.094℃/10 a),1984—2015年气温上升趋势显著(0.31℃/10 a),年均温在2001年发生突变。(2)从季节看,春、秋、冬季气温均呈上升趋势,并分别在2000、1998、1994年发生突变;夏季气温呈弱下降趋势,并在1970年发生突变。(3)陕南年、季平均气温年际变化趋势为东西向空间差异明显;春季东部地区升温幅度一致性较好,西部的汉中盆地及北部的秦岭山地升温幅度较大;秋、冬季整体气温上升幅度自东向西有增加的趋势;夏季中东部地区气温主要呈下降趋势,西部的汉中盆地及周边以气温上升趋势为主。

Based on daily temperature data of 26 meteorological stations in southern Shaanxi and its nearby regions from 1960 to 2015,the methods of linear regression,spline interpolation and Mann-Kendall test have been employed to analyze the climatic changing trend and spatial differences.The results show:(1)the mean annual air temperature exhibits weakly increasing trend with the rate of 0.094℃/10 a,and with a obviously increasing rate of 0.31℃/10 a after 1984.A mutation of the annual temperature is marked in 2001 by M-K test.(2)The air temperature of spring,autumn and winter has shown increasing trend,with the temperature abrupt changing in 2000,1998 and 1994,respectively.While summer has experienced a decrease in temperature with the temperature mutation in 1970.(3)On the whole,there are obvious differences on the spatial distributions of annual average temperature,season average temperature from east to west in Southern Shaanxi.Air temperature rise of spring,there is no clear difference in the east region,but it varies inconsistently in the west region of Southern Shaanxi,especially in Hanzhong basin and its northern Qinling Mountain.The regional trend in temperature of autumn and winter is on the increase from east to west in Southern Shaanxi.And the regional trend in temperature of summer is on the decrease in the center-west region of Southern Shaanxi,but it is on the increase in Hanzhong basin and its nearby regions.