美国高等教育融资及资金运用的核心原则及其对我国的启示

The core principle of financing and using funds in American higher education and the enlightenment to China

美国是当今世界高等教育最发达的国家之一,其高等教育融资及资金运用模式也堪称全球典范。在探索多元化融资渠道的同时,美国高等教育在融资及资金运用过程中始终遵循一个核心原则,即以学生为本:政府财政拨款以满足学生发展需求为中心、社会捐赠收入以保障学生的培养质量为重点、自筹款项以促进学生的专业技能发展为抓手。在中国当前高等教育经费不足的背景下,分析美国以学生为本的高等教育融资及资金运用实践,对中国高等教育融资及资金运用的改革有借鉴意义。

The United States of America is one of the countries with the most developed higher education system,and its mode of financing can be a model in the world.Universities in America are always trying to explore diversified sources of financing.Meanwhile,they persist in the core principle of taking students as the foremost,in the whole process of financing and using the funds.Federal,state and local government appropriations centered on meeting students’needs of development.The revenue from voluntary social supporters attaches great importance to ensure the quality of students.In addition,the funds raised through their own efforts place great emphasis on promoting students’professional development.In face of the reality of educational fund shortage,it is of great importance for us to explore the factors underlying the successful practice in financing and using funds in American higher education and provide a referential example for the reforms in China.