文献互证:从出土文献祝由方看上古巫医文化传统

Mutual Document Verification:Exploring the Ancient Culture Tradition of Witch Doctor from Early Unearthed Medical Prescriptions

战国祝由方的出土引起了学界热烈讨论,但其中施祝者身份受到的关注较少。施祝者是联系“巫”和“医”的重要纽带,也是厘清“巫医”概念的关键所在,关系着“医”的起源和现实应用。从战国祝由方切入,综合出土文献和传世记载两方面材料,筛选关键信息,可以更加精确定义“祝由”概念。“巫”在先秦时代存在重大演变,上古治疗者角色具有多重性。从治疗手段、医者游历场所、患者意识等方面考察,可以确认战国施祝者即民巫。

The unearthed Zhu You medical prescription of the Warring States has caused a heated discussion in the academia,but the identity of the prescriber was less concerned.The prescriber is an important link between“Witch”and“Doctor”.It is also the key to clarifying the concept of“Witch Doctor”and relates to the origin and practical application of“Doctor”.This paper starts with the Zhu You medical prescription of the Warring States,combining the materials of unearthed and handed down transcripts,screening key information,and define the“good wishes”concept more precisely.Secondly,from the historical process of the“Witch”group,we should re-examine the major evolution of the concept of“Witch”in the pre-Qin period and the multiplicity of the role of the ancient healer.Finally,through the discussion from treatment methods,the doctors’travel places,and perception of patients,it is considered that the folk witch may be the most reasonable prescriber in the Warring States.