社会情感学习:校园欺凌预防的新理路

Social Emotional Learning:A New Way of Preventing School Bullying

校园欺凌是教育中面临的重大而棘手的问题,对学生的健康成长与发展起到了极大负向作用,也影响着我国"立德树人"的教育旨归。从心理视角来看,校园欺凌的内涵表现为"五性",即主观性、攻击性、力量不均衡性、长期反复性、心理损害性;在心理表征方面,欺凌者呈现出个人价值观失范、竞争中的心态失衡、家庭默认纵容、社会不当行为的效仿,而被欺凌者则呈现出自我孤立性、教育边缘性、家庭不和谐性和社会欠关心性。社会情感学习通过知识技能的学习让人达成心理塑造的完善,从而学会管理自我情绪、学会对他人具有同理心、学会与人交际。理论上,社会情感学习对校园欺凌的预防具有良好效果;实践中,需要通过"教师队伍建设、课程体系打造、文化氛围营造和实践活动开展"等四方路径的建构予以推进。

School bullying is a major and thorny problem in education,which plays a negative role in the healthy growth and development of students and also affects the educational aim of"strengthening moral education and cultivating people"in China.From a psychological perspective,the connotation of school bullying is shown as"five natures",namely subjectivity,aggressiveness,imbalance of power,long-term repetition and psychological damage.In terms of psychological representation,bullies show anomie of personal values,imbalance of mentality in competition,acquiescence and connivance of families and imitation of social improper behaviors,while the students bullied show self-isolation,marginalization of education,disharmony of families and lack of social care.Social emotion learning enables people to achieve the perfection of psychological shaping through the learning of knowledge and skills,thus learning to manage their own emotions,have empathy for others,and communicate with others.In theory,social emotional learning has a good effect on the prevention of school bullying.In practice,it needs to be promoted through the construction of four paths,including"construction of teacher teams,building of curriculum system,creation of cultural atmosphere and development of practical activities".