应对突发公共卫生事件的法治原则与法理思维

Principles of Rule of Law and Fali Thinking in Response to Public Health Emergencies

突发公共卫生事件是对人民群众生命健康和国家经济社会发展的重大威胁,也是对国家治理能力和治理体系的重大考验。突发公共卫生事件紧急处置权的实施运行,特别是对公民权利的限缩,是否以及如何符合法治要求,都是重要的理论和实践问题。遵循法治思维和法理思维的要求,应对突发公共卫生事件至少应当遵守如下法治原则,即权利保障原则、权力依法行使原则、合理性原则、效率原则、比例原则、信息公开原则。这六项原则既是应对突发公共卫生事件紧急处置权必须遵循的法治原则,又是应对突发公共卫生事件法治化的基本法理。

Public health emergencies are a major threat to the lives and health of the people and the economic and social development of the country,also a major test of national governance capacity and governance system.The implementation and operation of the power of emergency in response to public health emergencies,especially its limitation of civil rights,whether and how to meet the requirements of the rule of law,are important theoretical and practical issues.Following the thinking of rule of law and Fali thinking,responding to public health emergencies should at least abide by the following principles of the rule of law:principle of rights protection,principle of legitimacy in the exercise of power,principle of reasonableness,principle of efficiency,principle of proportion,principle of information disclosure.These six principles are not only principles of rule law that must be followed in response to public health emergencies,but also the basic Fali for responding to public health emergencies.