知识产权专有性特质的理论阐释

Theoretical Interpretation of the“Exclusiveness”of Intellectual Property

我国民事立法和理论研究将知识产权简单概括为“专有性权利”。无论在理论层面抑或在规范层面,我们均未对知识产权的专有性特质作出具体阐释并形成广泛共识。基于历史和现实的私权观念等因素,将知识产权迁移性地类比于物权或有形财产权的趋向日益显著,并不断扩张,使得知识产权专有性特质往往借助和参照传统的有形财产权的理论体系被界定、解释和认识。这一主流观念和思维惯式亟待被辩证反思与系统修正。廓清专有性特质的理论内涵是理解知识产权权利本质的逻辑前提。通过法理解读可知,知识产权作为具有独特价值的私权化产物,其专有性特质具有诸种个性元素、专属理论蕴含与多元社会目标。与之相应,在理论认知上,应对传统民事权利体系与现有理论资源的继受秉持审慎的扬弃观,超越民法范畴中有形财产权的固有理论范式,进而寻求有关知识产权专有性的理论体系和规范体系的自洽塑就。

Intellectual property has been briefly summarized as“exclusive right”by our civil legislation and theoretical study.No matter in the theoretical perspective or the normative perspective,there is no specific interpretation of the“exclusiveness”of intellectual property or no broad consensus which has been admitted.Based on the history and reality of the concept of private rights and other factors,the trend of drawing an analogy between intellectual property right and real right or tangible property right has been more and more obvious,continuing to expand.Therefore,its“exclusiveness”characteristics are often defined,explained and understood by referring to the traditional theoretical system of tangible property right.This mainstream concept and thinking habit need urgent dialectical reflection and systematic correction.To clarify the theoretical connotation of“exclusiveness”shall be the logical premise to understand the nature of intellectual property.Through a jurisprudential interpretation,it is shown that intellectual property,as a product of private right with innate and unique value,has“exclusiveness”with various specific elements,exclusive theoretical implications and multiple social objectives.Accordingly,in terms of theoretical cognition,the inheritance of the traditional civil rights system and the existing theoretical resources should uphold the prudent view of suiting and discarding,which means going beyond the inherent theoretical paradigm of tangible property right in the civil law and seeking the self-consistent modeling of the theoretical system and normative system of intellectual property rights exclusiveness.