中国与“一带一路”沿线国家贸易比较优势及产品空间分布

Research on the Trade Comparative Advantages and Product Spatial Distribution of China and“Belt and Road Initiative”Countries

“一带一路”倡议提出以来,中国与“一带一路”沿线国家经贸发展稳步推进,贸易与投资发展势头良好。当前世界经济仍处在金融危机后的深度调整期,中国对外贸易在国内外环境发生变化后,传统竞争优势在弱化,新的竞争优势尚未形成,从而影响贸易的可持续发展。基于此,该文对中国与“一带一路”沿线国家贸易产品比较优势及其分布情况进行研究,通过对出口产品显示性比较优势指数和产品中心度指数计算,发现中国与“一带一路”沿线国家产品空间分布不均,不同产品之间距离和关联程度差异较大,提出积极发挥比较优势,寻找和培育未来潜在比较优势产品,建立优胜劣汰机制以加强不同产品关联程度等建议,以期提高中国与“一带一路”沿线国家外贸竞争力优势和贸易可持续发展。

Since the“Belt and Road Initiative”was put forward,the economic and trade development has made steady progress between China and“B&R”countries with a sound momentum of trade and investment.However,the world economy is still in a period of profound adjustment after the financial crisis.With the changes in the domestic and foreign environment of China’s foreign trade,the traditional competitive advantage is weakening and the new competitive advantage has not been formed,thus affecting the sustainable development of trade.This paper studied trading products comparative advantage and its distribution and found that product space has an uneven distribution between China and“B&R”countries;the distance between different products and the associated degree difference is bigger by revealed comparative advantage index of the export products and product center index calculation.Such suggestions as enhancing comparative advantage,trying to find and cultivate future potential comparative advantage products and establishing a mechanism for survival of the fittest to strengthen different products related degree,are put forward in order to enhance the trade competitiveness advantage and trade sustainable development between China and“B&R”countries.