超声新技术评价甲状腺结节血流的研究进展

The research progress of new ultrasound technology in the evaluation of thyroid nodule blood flow

甲状腺结节为临床常见病,发病率较高,其中大部分为良性,恶性结节占7%~15%[1]。早期、正确的诊断对患者的治疗及预后有重要意义。超声作为甲状腺结节的首选影像学检查,拥有无创、经济等优点。有研究表明,对甲状腺结节的血流分布情况及血流分布状态的评估,有助于甲状腺结节良恶性的判断[2]。传统的血流成像技术包括彩色多普勒血流成像(Colour doppler flowing imaging,CDFI)和能量多普勒成像(Power doppler imaging,PDI),但二者均对低速血流及微小血管敏感性较低,无法检出特别细微的血管结构。而新兴的超微血管成像技术(Superb micro-vascular imaging,SMI)和超声造影技术(Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound,CEUS),对低速血流具有高度敏感,可以显示组织微血管结构,相比传统技术有明显的优势。目前,SMI及CEUS技术已经初步应用于评价甲状腺结节的血流情况。本文就超声新技术在评估甲状腺结节血流中的应用进展做一综述。

Thyroid nodules are common diseases,with a high incidence rate,most of them are benign,and malignant nodules are 7%~15%[1].Early and correct diagnosis is of great significance to the treatment and prognosis of patients.As the first choice of imaging examination for thyroid nodules,ultrasound has the advantages of noninvasive and economic.Some studies have shown that the assessment of blood flow distribution and blood flow distribution of thyroid nodules is helpful for the judgement of benign and malignant thyroid nodules[2].Traditional blood flow imaging techniques include color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) and power Doppler imaging (PDI),However,both of them are less sensitive to low-speed blood flow and microvascular,and can not detect particularly fine vascular structure.The emerging super micro vascular imaging (SMI) and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) are highly sensitive to low-speed blood flow,which can display the tissue microvascular structure.Compared with the traditional technology,CEUS has obvious advantages.At present,SMI and CEUS techniques have been used to evaluate the blood flow of thyroid nodules.This article reviews the application of new ultrasound technology in the assessment of thyroid nodule blood flow.