2个小麦品种水分利用效率的差异及其与深层水分利用的关系

Difference of Water Use Efficiency Between Two Wheat Cultivars and Its Relation with Deep Water Absorption

研究旨在探究不同小麦品种对深层土壤水分利用差异及其对产量、水分利用效率的影响。试验于2017—2019年在陕西长武进行,试验为品种、播量双因子试验,品种为主处理(A为“长旱58”,B为“长航1号”),播量为副处理(10:播量150 kg/hm^2,12:播量180 kg/hm^2),分析不同处理对冬小麦各生育期土壤水分消耗及其产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:在不同的试验年,与“长旱58”相比,“长航1号”对土壤水分的消耗均显著增加。与此同时,相比“长旱58”,“长航1号”的小麦穗粒数、收获指数、产量及水分利用效率均显著提高。说明“长航1号”较“长旱58”增加了对土壤水分的消耗,尤其增加了对深层土壤水分的消耗,从而影响小麦穗粒数和收获指数,最终获得了较高的产量及水分利用效率。

The aim was to investigate the effects of different wheat cultivars on water use efficiency,water use in deep soil,and wheat yield.The experiment was conducted at Changwu experimental station during 2017—2019.A two-factor experiment was conducted,one factor was cultivar(A:“Changhan 58”,B:“Changhang 1”),and another factor was sowing rate(10:150 kg/hm^2 of sowing rate,12:180 kg/hm^2 of sowing rate).The effects of different factors on soil water consumption,water use efficiency,and yield at different wheat growth stages were analyzed.The results showed that the average consumption of soil storage water in different test years of“Changhang 1”was significantly higher than that of“Changhan 58”.In addition,the number of grain number per panicle,harvest index,yield,and water use efficiency of“Changhang 1”were also remarkably higher than those of“Changhan 58”.It was showing that compared with“Changhan 58”,“Changhang 1”increased theconsumption of soil water,which may contribute to increase the grain number per panicle and the wheat harvest index,and ultimately lead to higher yield and water use efficiency.