匈奴五部中北部的分化与剥离

Beibu's Splitting and Detachment from Xiongnu Wubu

晋初北部帅刘猛起兵叛晋,南匈奴其他各部未予响应,此为刘猛北部之众与匈奴五部出现分化的显著标志。其背后原因是并州屠各族已成为五部匈奴的核心与首领,与作为南单于后裔的刘猛分属不同部族,且矛盾重重。至晋末刘渊集结五部之众起兵建国,刘猛侄刘虎率北部遗众留居新兴并未奔赴,此为刘猛事件的延续,本质原因前后亦同。刘渊起兵已导致匈奴五部原有框架解体,刘虎部众又选择站在刘琨—拓跋联盟阵营,为摆脱危机和尴尬,其快速转变了自身的族群认同,最终彻底从五部匈奴中剥离出去,走向了独立建国的道路。

Liumeng headed Northern Tribe rebelled in the early years of the Western Jin dynasty,than other tribes of Southern Xiongnu didn't responded.This is a significant sign of the differentiation between Liumeng's northern public and Xiongnu Wubu.The reason behind was conflict of rise and decline between Southern Xiongnu and Tuge Tribe,and contradiction made by royal courts of Wei Jin dynasties.This was the hallmark of Northern Tribe splitting from Xiongnu Wubu.Liuyuan assembled tribes of Xiongnu Wubu and rebelled in the end of Western Jin dynasty,Liuhu headed Liumeng's tribe didn't responded too,furthermore didn't resisted Tuoba Xianbei when the latter entered Bingzhou attacked Liuyuan.This was continuation of former event of Liumeng,the reason was same also.However Xiongnu Wubu has disintegrated because of Liuyuan assembled and established state at that time,Liuhu choose to stand in camp of Liukun-tuoba alliance,and sandwiched between the two of them,in order to extricated from sensitivity and crisis because of his rival descent,Liuhu's tribe transformed their own ethnic identity rapidly,finally completely separated from Xiongnu Wubu and took the road of independent statehood.