晚近变局中的“局内人”与“局外人”——以蒙古王公家族文学变迁为例

Insider and Outsider in the Change Situation of the Late Qing Dynasty——a Case Study of the Literary Changes of Mongolian Royal Family

随着学界对中国近代史考察的不断深入,晚近变局中的蒙古王公家族由“局外人”到“局内人”再到“局外人”的反转演变曲线清晰可见。乌梁海氏既是晚近著名的蒙古王公家族,也是文学家族。喀喇沁人学习汉族文化始于色伯克多尔济,成就于旺都特那木济勒,发扬光大于贡桑诺尔布。旺都特那木济勒遭逢清史上的最初变局,他对此保持缄默,所以他始终是变局中的“局外人”。贡桑诺尔布生逢内外交困的光宣大变局之中,他以诗文记录自己的步伐,做变局中的“局内人”。时代发展至民国时期,贡桑诺尔布游离于政治转型和文化转型之外,逐步蜕变成时代变局中的“局外人”。管窥“局外人”与“局内人”的心路历程,可以深入了解多元文化多族共存的清代文学在20世纪前后现代化进程中的多样性与复杂性。

With the in-depth study of modern Chinese history,A curve of Mongolian Wanggong family changing from outsider to outsider and then to outsider is clear in the late changing Qing dynasty.Uriyanghai clan is not only a famous Mongolian royal family,but also a literary family.The study of the Han nationality culture by the Kalaqin people began in Sebudorji and achieved in Wangdutnamjil,with a more brilliant light than that of Gongsannorbu.Wangdutnamjil suffered the initial changes in the history of the Qing Dynasty,but his literary works remained silent about this,and he was always the outsider in the changes.During the Guangxuan great changes of internal and external difficulties,Gongsannorbu recorded his pace of advancing with the times with poems and made an insider in the changes.After entering the Republic of China,Gongsannorbu drifted away from the new era of political transformation and cultural transformation,and gradually transformed into an outsider in the era change.A glimpse of the psychological course of insider and outsider can help us to understand the diversity and complexity of Qing Dynasty literature with multi-cultural and multi-ethnic coexistence in the process of modernization around the 20th century.