放牧区生活垃圾特点与治理实践——以内蒙古自治区克什克腾旗西部区域为例

Characteristics and disposal practice of domestic waste in pastoral area:a case study on the western region of Keshketeng Banner in Inner Mongolia

放牧区生活垃圾治理是农村生态文明建设实践的重要组成部分,也是构建我国北方生态屏障的条件之一。以典型的放牧区——内蒙古自治区克什克腾旗西部为研究对象,对区域内生活垃圾特点及组分进行调查;以当地开展的“蒙家环保”农村牧区垃圾分类模式实践为研究案例,对垃圾收集量及组分变化进行分析,对垃圾收集成本进行计算,并对垃圾治理模式的效果进行了评价。结果显示:放牧区生活垃圾可分为资源回收物、厨余物、一般垃圾,实际排放中厨余物非常少;生活垃圾中可回收物比例平均为95.48%,生活垃圾产生量为0.50 kg/(户·d),生活垃圾处理成本为1848.76元/t,户均处理费用为337.39元/a;“蒙家环保”农村牧区垃圾分类模式使嘎查(村)生活垃圾得到有效治理,环境效益和社会效益明显提升。研究区生活垃圾治理的实践对推动放牧区生活垃圾治理和农村生态文明建设具有一定的参考意义和示范效应。

The treatment of domestic garbage in agricultural and pastoral areas is an important part of the practice of rural ecological civilization construction,and also one of the conditions of constructing ecological barrier in north of China.Taking the typical pastoral area,the western region of Keshketeng Banner of Inner Mongolia autonomous region as the research area,the characteristics and components of domestic garbage in the pastoral area were investigated,and the garbage classification model of“Mengjia Environmental Protection”of rural pastoral area was taken as the research case to analyze the garbage collection volume and component changes.The cost of garbage collection was calculated and the effect of garbage treatment mode was evaluated.The results showed that domestic garbage in pastoral areas could be divided into resource recyclable,kitchen waste and general garbage,and the actual emission of kitchen waste was very small.The average proportion of recyclables in household waste was 95.48%,the output of household waste was 0.49 kg/(household·d),the cost of household waste treatment was 1848.76 yuan/ton,and the average household treatment cost was 337.39 yuan/a.“Mengjia Environmental Protection”garbage classification mode in rural pastoral areas made village household garbage to be effectively treated with obvious environmental and social benefits.The treatment practice of domestic waste in pastoral area had reference significance and demonstration effect for promoting the treatment of domestic waste and the construction of rural ecological civilization.