不同覆膜方式对胡麻根系生长和产量的影响

Effect of Different Mulching Patterns on Root Growth and Grain Yield of Oil Flax

为了系统探索覆膜对胡麻植株的全面影响,完善地膜胡麻生长发育规律。以常规露地条播为对照(CK),研究陇东旱塬区普遍应用的两种覆膜方式(全膜覆土穴播、膜侧条播)下胡麻根系生长情况和产量的变化。结果表明:全膜覆土穴播处理下0~100 cm土层土壤平均含水量(盛花期)和胡麻籽粒产量较CK分别显著提高21.71%和20.34%,膜侧条播与CK之间差异不显著;在胡麻现蕾期和盛花期,全膜覆土穴播和膜侧条播处理下胡麻0~10 cm主根直径较CK显著提高4.11%~103.39%,根干质量较CK提高21.76%~30.98%,根冠比较CK降低4.38%~29.46%,但在盛花期膜侧条播处理下胡麻主根直径、根干质量、根冠比与CK差异不显著;成熟期,覆膜处理对胡麻根系的影响效应逐渐减弱。综上所述,全膜覆土穴播和膜侧条播均能够促进胡麻根系生长,提高土壤水分含量和胡麻籽粒产量,且全膜覆土穴播效果更优。

In order to systematically explore the effects of mulchings on oil flax plants,and to improve the growth and development of oil flax.Conventional open-field sowing was used as a control(CK),the changes of grain yield and root growth were studied under two mulching patterns(the hole seeding with whole plastic mulching and film side drill seeding with ridge plastic mulching),which was widely used in the dry area of the eastern Gansu.The results showed that the hole seeding with whole plastic-film mulching,the average soil water content at 0 to 100 cm soil depth in flowering period and the grain yield of flax increased by 21.71%and 20.34%respectively,the difference between film side drill seeding with ridge plastic mulching and CK was not significant;under treatments of whole film-plastice hole seeding and film side drill seeding,compared with CK in budding and flowering periods of oil flax,the main root diameter at 0-10 cm soil depth increased 4.11%-103.39%,root dry mass increased by 21.76%to 30.98%,root-shoot ratio of the two treatments decreased by 4.38%to 29.46%but in flowering period,film side drill seeding with ridge plastic mulching were not significant compared to CK.The effect of mulching treatments on the root system gradually decreased during maturity.In summary,the hole seeding with whole plastic mulching and film side drill seeding under ridge plastic mulch treatments can promote the growth of the oil flax root system,improve the soil moisture content and oil flax grain yield,of which the hole seeding with whole plastic mulching is optimal.