超越结构与行动——政策网络理论发展路径反思与“结构化”分析框架建构

Transcending Structure and Action--Rethinking the Development Path of Policy Network Theory and Constructing the Structured Analysis Framework

随着政策问题复杂性和不确定性的提高,政策网络逐渐成为政策分析的主要范式,如何发展和完善政策网络理论也随之成为政策网络研究的重要主题。不同研究路径均尝试对政策网络理论的关键问题,即政策网络的产生、维持和变迁,政策网络和政策过程及其结果之间的关系,政策网络和政策变迁之间的关系等,进行解释和回应。尽管西方政策研究者通过政策网络类型学和行动者模型对政策网络理论进行了完善,但以上两种路径在对“结构与行动”“宏观与微观”问题的处理上存在明显二元对立的倾向,因而无法有效回应政策网络理论的关键问题。引入结构化理论之后,上述问题得到了较好解决,政策网络理论的适用性和解释力都大幅提高。

As policy issues become more complex and uncertain,policy networks become the main paradigm of policy analysis.The development of policy network theory has also become an main topic in policy network research.Different research approaches attempt to explain and respond to the key themes of policy network theory,namely,the generation,maintenance and change of policy networks,the relationship between policy networks and policy processes and outcomes,and the relevance of policy networks and policy changes.Although western researchers have perfected policy network theory through policy network typology approach and the model of actor,the two paths either emphasize the specific policy network type and its structural characteristics,or emphasize the actor characteristics and behavioral choices,which leads to the split of structures and actions in key explanatory variables and the micro and macro separation in the analysis hierarchy.Therefore,it is unable to effectively respond to the key themes of policy network theory.This study then attempts to solve the above problem by introducing structural theory,and respond to the main themes of policy network theory through the construction of a“structural path”of policy network theory,hopefully improving the applicability and explanatory effectiveness of policy network theory.