危机与应对:新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下的中国体育叙事

Crisis and Response:Chinese Sports Narrative under COVID-19 Pandemic

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情(以下简称"疫情")下的体育叙事,不仅要阐发疫情期间体育事件及其社会意义,更应揭示不同体育要素在社会发展中的功能与作用,将对体育现实问题的思考转化为未来体育转型的应对策略。基于叙事的角度,以访谈的方式,探讨体育产业发展、东京奥运会延期、体育组织治理、奥运备战、居家体育、体育在线教学、体育中考等热点事件和话题。认为:①疫情对体育产业的影响呈现持续性、结构性、社会性等特征,在"转危为机"的话语下,应借助政府的积极行为,实现体育行业与体育产业的多层次融合,增强对消费端的刺激,提高体育企业的抗风险能力,最大程度地释放后疫情时代体育产业发展动力;②东京奥运会延期举办凸显国际奥委会内部治理的困境与危机,引发对中国体育赛事治理效能的思考,给奥运备战带来挑战,促使运动训练由传统化模式向集群化工业模式转变;③空间重叠与权力空间渗透造就居家体育的特殊"脱域"空间,成为"家庭-学校-社区"体育互动发展的催化剂,引发体育教学、社区体育、群众体育活动方式的改变,形成自觉行为更高的群众体育"在地化"驱动模式;④在疫情防控期间,体育话语在不同语境中的表达、转型与辩驳为体育话语转为文化资源提供契机,促进文化与体育的互动与整合,深刻影响人们的体育观念。

The sports narrative under the COVID-19 pandemic is not just to reflect the incidences related to sport and their social meanings;more importantly,it is to rethink the function of sport elements in social development,which may provide some strategies for the future transfomation of the sport.By adopting the methods of narratives and expert interview,the hot topics were discussed including the development of sport industry,the postpone of the Tokyo Olympic Games,the governance of sports orgnizations,the preperation for Tokyo Olympic Games,stayat-home fitness and exercise,online teaching for physical education and "physical education of zhongkao".These findings suggest:① with the persistent,structual and social impacts of the pandemic on sport industry,the discourse on sport,by means of the turning"crisis"into"oppotunities",had better rely on the supportive actions from the government to achieve the fusion of the varisous sport sectors on multi-levels. By strengthening the consumation impetus and the risk-prevention ability of the enterprises,the oppotunities for the post-pandemic sport industry development will be acquired to the largest extent. ② The postponement of the Tokyo Olympic Games highlights the dilemma and crisis existed in the interior governance of IOC,bringing the reflections on the governance efficacy of Chinese sports events.And this may produce challenges for Chinese teams to prepare for Tokyo Olympic Games,thus a new training model of cluster industry may be formed from the traditional one. ③ The spatial overlapping and authority seepage has formed a special"disembeding"space for stay-athome physical fitness and the catalyst of the sport interaction in"home-school-community",which has caused the changes of physical education teaching approach,as well as the ways people participate in the community sport and mass sport,thus a high self-motivated driving pattern of"localization"had been formed.④ How the discourse on sport is expressed,switched and defended in different contexts under the pandemic will provide an opportunity for the transformation of sport discourse into cultural resources,and promote the interaction and integration of culture and sport,thus to deeply influence people’s viewpoints on sport.