社会认知理论视角下青少年体力活动影响因素分析

Analysis of the Influence Factors of Adolescents’ Physical Activity Based on the Perspective of Social Cognitive Theory

目的以社会认知理论(social cognitive theory,SCT)模型为视角,对青少年体力活动影响因素的文献进行系统性综述和元分析。方法检索国内外数据库,纳入符合要求的18篇文献,采用Stata 15.0软件合并效应量并进行亚组分析。结果①SCT模型总体能中等程度预测体力活动(R2=17%,P<0.01,z=7.59);②对包含自我效能、障碍自我效能、社会支持和社会状态因素在内的文献进行的元分析结果显示,这些因素与体力活动显著相关(N≥75%);③受不同地域、性别和统计方法的影响,研究结果间存在异质性。结论 SCT模型能中等程度预测青少年体力活动;自我效能、障碍自我效能、社会支持、社会状态是预测体力活动的关键指标;受不同地域、性别和文化环境等因素的影响,SCT模型对青少年体力活动的预测结果不同。

Objective The researches on the influencing factors of adolescents’ physical activity were summarized using the method of meta-analysis systematically from the perspective of Social Cognitive Theory(SCT).Methods Literature review was conducted from different databases and 18 documents were introduced;meta-analysis and subgroup analysis were used by Stata 15.0.Results ①SCT model can explain the behavior of physical activity to a moderate extent(R2=17%,P<0.01,z=7.2);②The results of literature which included the factors of barrier self-efficacy,social support and social status showed that these factors correlated with physical activity significantly;③There exists heterogeneity between studies influenced by different geographic,gender,and statistical methods. Conclusions SCT model can predict physical activity of adolescents moderately;selfefficacy,barrier self-efficacy,social support,and social status are the key variables to predict physical activity;the predict of SCT model to adolescents’ physical activity are different in terms of the region,gender and cultural environment of different countries.