新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间社区女性居民心理影响因素分析及干预效果评价

Analysis of Influencing Factors of Community Female Residents′ Psychology and Evaluation of Intervention Effect during the Outbreak of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia

目的:探讨疫情期间社区女性居民的心理影响因素及干预措施对其心理健康状况的干预效果。方法:采用抽样法抽取300名某附属医院家属区女性居民,采用一般资料调查问卷和90项症状清单(SCL-90)进行问卷调查,分析影响女性居民心理状况的因素;对存在心理问题的女性居民通过科普新冠肺知识、心理疏导、指导日常生活等方式进行心理干预,并评价心理干预的效果。结果:该家属区192例(64.00%)女性居民有不同程度的心理问题,不同年龄段比较,>30岁组的焦虑、敌对、恐怖因子得分[(1.52±0.68)vs(1.27±0.39)分、(1.84±0.82)vs(1.36±0.55)分、(1.32±0.52)vs(1.22±0.35)分]高于≤30岁组(P<0.05);不同文化程度比较,本科以下女性居民焦虑、敌对因子得分[(1.62±0.79)vs(1.31±0.45)分、(1.90±0.14)vs(1.46±0.59)分]高于本科及以上(P<0.05);愿意接受心理干预的居民焦虑、恐怖两因子得分[(1.39±0.67)vs(1.33±0.46)分、(1.28±0.56)vs(1.24±0.36)分]大于不愿接受心理干预的居民(P<0.05);与干预前比较,干预后躯体化、强迫症状、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对各维度评分[(8.71±0.10)vs(9.65±0.13)分、(13.19±0.11)vs(14.00±0.12)分、(10.82±0.13)vs(11.97±0.15)分、(13.89±0.19)vs(15.83±0.18)分、(10.07±0.17) vs(12.97±0.19)分、(4.31±0.130 vs(5.41±0.13)分、(7.17±0.19)vs(8.16±0.17)分]均低于干预前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:女性居民在疫情期间存在抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、人际关系敏感等心理问题,年龄大于30岁者、学历为本科以下者心理问题更多,通过心理干预,可提高女性居民心理健康水平。

Objective: To explore the psychological influencing factors of female residents during the epidemic situation and the effect of intervention measures on their mental health status. Methods: Sampling method was used to select 300 female residents in the family area of an affiliated hospital. The general data questionnaire and the 90-item symptom list(SCL-90) were used to conduct a questionnaire survey to analyze the factors affecting the psychological status of female residents. Psychological interventions were conducted for female residents with psychological problems through popularization of relevant information of COVID-19, psychological counseling, and daily life guidance, and the effects of psychological intervention were evaluated. Results:Among 300 female residents surveyed, 192 examples(64.00%) had mental problems in different degrees. In comparison of different age groups, the scores of anxiety, hostility, and terror factors of the group >30 years old [(1.52±0.68) vs(1.27±0.39) points,((1.84±0.82) vs(1.36±0.55) points,(1.32±0.52) vs(1.22±0.35) points] were higher than those from under 30-year-old group(P<0.05);In comparison of different education levels,the scores of anxiety and hostility factor from female residents below undergraduate level[(1.62±0.79) vs(1.31±0.45) points,(1.90±0.14) vs(1.46±0.59) points]were generally higher than those from whom received undergraduate education and above(P<0.05);Additionally the average scores in anxiety and hostility of those residents who were willing to accept psychological intervention [(1.39±0.67) vs(1.33±0.46) points,(1.28±0.56) vs(1.24±0.36) points] were higher than the scores of those who were reluctant(P<0.05);Compared with the initial situation, the scores [(8.71±0.10) vs(9.65±0.13) points,(13.19±0.11) vs(14.00±0.12) points,(10.82±0.13) vs(11.97±0.15) points,(13.89±0.19) vs(15.83±0.18) points,(10.07±0.17) vs(12.97±0.19) points,(4.31±0.13) vs(5.41±0.13) points,(7.17±0.19) vs(8.16±0.17) points] in various demensions including somatization, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety and hostility became lower after intervention(P<0.05). Conclusion: During the epidemic of COVID-19, female residents have psychological problems such as depression, anxiety, hostility,terrorl and psychological sensitivity, and those aged over 30 years old or those who do not receive university education have more psychological problems.Through targeted psychological intervention, the psychological health of female residents can be effectively improved.