山西省新冠肺炎疫情期间援鄂一线护士心理健康状况及应对方式调查分析

Investigation and Analysis on the Mental Health Status and Coping Style of First-line Nurses of Shanxi Province During the Outbreak of COVID-19

目的:调查新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情期间山西省援鄂一线护士的心理健康状况和应对方式,为采取有效的心理干预措施提供依据。方法:采用整群抽样法抽取山西省12所医院驰援武汉的隔离病区护士130人,采用抑郁-焦虑-压力量表(DASS-21)和简易应对方式问卷进行调查,数据采用SPSS24.0统计学软件进行分析。结果:130名护士DASS-21量表抑郁(8.64±2.17)分、焦虑(9.63±2.36)分、压力(9.88±2.68)分;存在抑郁、焦虑和压力的护士分别占26.15%、77.69%和3.85%。年龄>36岁的护士压力得分[(12.41±2.88)vs(11.42±2.42)分]高于≤36岁;中级及以上职称护士抑郁得分[(8.89±2.35)vs(8.03±1.52)分]高于中级以下;工作年限>13年护士抑郁、压力、DASS-21总分[(9.15±2.65)vs(8.20±1.54)分、(12.52±2.92)vs(11.34±2.35)分、(31.55±7.59)vs(28.96±5.43)分]分别高于13年及以下;已婚护士抑郁、压力、DASS-21总分[(8.79±2.22)vs(7.36±1.08)分、(12.06±2.68)vs(10.43±2.24)分、(30.62±6.63)vs(26.29±5.30)分]分别高于未婚。积极应对评分(2.26±0.63)分高于消极应对评分(1.63±0.66)分。本科及以上护士积极应对评分、简易应对总分[(27.84±7.28)vs(22.19±7.48)分、(41.04±10.66)vs(34.38±11.98)分]分别高于本科以下,已婚护士消极应对评分、简易应对总分[(13.53±5.03)vs(9.29±5.82)分、(41.06±10.73)vs(33.29±11.24)分]分别高于未婚。多重线性回归分析显示,工作年限、积极应对、消极应对是抑郁、焦虑和压力的影响因素,其中积极应对为保护因素。结论:COVID-19疫情期间,援鄂一线护士存在不同程度抑郁、焦虑和压力等负面情绪症状,积极应对方式是心理健康的重要保护因素,帮助和鼓励护士采取积极的应对方式可以有效调节心理状态。

Objective: To investigate the psychological status and coping styles of first-line nurses assisting Hubei in Shanxi province during outbreaks of Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19), and to provide a basis for effective psychological intervention measures. Methods: A total of 130 nurses from 12 hospitals in Shanxi Province who supported in the isolated wards of Hubei province were selected by cluster sampling method. 21-Item Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale(DASS-21) and Simple Coping Style Questionnaire were used for the survey, and the data was analyzed by SPSS 24.0 software. Results: The average scores of dimensions of DASS-21 weredepression(8.64±2.17), anxiety(9.63±2.36), and stress(9.88±2.68) respectively. The incidence of depression, anxiety and stress was 26.15%, 77.69% and 3.85% respectively. Nurses aged over 36 got higher score than those of aged 36 and below in stress(12.41±2.88) vs(11.42±2.42)]. Nurses with intermediate or higher professional titles got higher scores than those of junior professional titles in depression(8.89±2.35) vs(8.03±1.52). Nurses with working experience of more than 13 years got higher score than those of worked 13 years or less in the total score of depression, stress and DASS-21[(9.15±2.65) vs(8.20±1.54),(12.52±2.92) vs(11.34±2.35), and(31.55±7.59) vs(28.96±5.43)], and married nurses got higher score than unmarried nurses in the total score of DASS-21, depression and stress[(8.79±2.22) vs(7.36±1.08) and(12.06±2.68) vs(10.43±2.24),(30.62±6.63) vs(26.29±5.30)]. The score of positive coping style was higher than that of negative coping style(2.26±0.63) vs(1.63±0.66). Nurses with bachelor’s degree got higher score than those with junior college degree in positive coping style and total score [(27.84±7.28) vs(22.19±7.48),(41.04±10.66) vs(34.38±11.98)], and married nurses got higher score than unmarried nurses in negative coping style and total score[(13.53±5.03) vs(9.29±5.82),(41.06±10.73) vs(33.29±11.24)]. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that years of working, positive coping style, negative coping style were main influencing factors of mental health. Positive coping style was a protective factor. Conclusion: In the sudden infectious public health incidents of COVID-19, the first-line nurses in Hubei Province have negative emotion symptoms such as depression, anxiety and stress in different degrees. Positive coping style is an important protective factor for mental health, helping and encouraging nurses to take a positive coping style can effectively adjust the psychological state.