摘要
“恰”与“央”是藏族文化的重要内容,生动表现了古代先民对于自然、人生与社会的哲学认识,其中对于福寿绵长、祛病禳灾、福庆如意等的思维模式和叙事形态为研究宗教、民俗、心理及人类学等课题提供了丰实的资料。文章主要以研究“恰”与“央”必备的三部主要苯教文献为依据,对“恰”与“央”的起源、原初的内涵及其外延,“招恰”与“招央”仪式中不可或缺的召唤语“克耶”,关于“恰”与“央”的神话叙述,“恰”与“央”的仪式构成、意蕴及其名象征意义等文化内容进行了研究。
The concepts of“phywa”and“g.yang”are important in Tibetan culture, which vividly feature theancient ancestors' philosophical understanding of nature, life and society, including longevity, good health, good fortuneand well- being, and those thinking models and the narrations have provided abundant resources for the study of religion,folklore, psychology, and anthropology. This article is mainly based on the study of the three major Bon literatureson“phywa” and“g.yang”and focuses on the original meaning and extension of“phywa” and "gyang", the originalmeaning of the summon term“Khu ye” which is associated with“summoning phywa”and“summoning g.yang”, themythical narrations on“phywa”and“gyang”, the ritual structure of“phywa”and“g.yang”and their cultural contentsare briefly discussed.
作者
赛措吉
gSer mtsho skyid(Institute of Tibetan Studies of Minzu University of China;School of Ethnology and Sociology of Qinghai Nationalities University.)
