藏语虚词“■■■”的来源和演变规律考察

A Study on the Grammaticalization ofTibetan Conjunction“cing/shing/zhing”

藏文早期文法著作《语门文法概要》中首次提到虚词“■■■”的用法,但并未说明其来源。后期文法著作也未关注过这一-问题。迄今,笔者仅见西门华德(Walter.Simon)对这类连词的来源进行了语音层面的推论。他的这种推理主要是基于音理分析,但缺乏古藏文的考证支持。文章以语法理论为指导,依据八通藏文早期碑文、五卷敦煌藏文历史文献和早期正字文,对这类连词的来源、语义演变和语音变化进行了具体分析和考证。

This paper studied the grammaticalization process of Tibetan conjunction cing/zhing/shing based on the early Tibetan inscriptions and the Tibetan historical documents from Dunhuang.It argues that the grammatical markers(cing/zhing/shing)were evolved from notional word zhing,which probably stemmed from the noun bzhin,through a series of grammaticalization paths.