牛粪堆肥替代20%化肥对小麦产量及经济效益的影响

Effects of Cattle Manure Instead of 20%Chemical Fertilizer during Wheat Growing Seasons on Wheat Yields and Economic Benefits

研究了不同牛粪堆肥A(牛粪+小麦秸秆+发酵腐熟剂+除臭剂)、B(牛粪+小麦秸秆+除臭剂)、C(牛粪+发酵腐熟剂+除臭剂)、D(牛粪+除臭剂)在6000(JZ2)、9000(JZ3)kg/hm^2这2个施用水平下替代20%化肥后对小麦季产量及经济效益的影响,以单施化肥(JZ0-CK)作为对照。结果表明,牛粪堆肥替代20%全量化肥对小麦出苗有一定影响,但是能增加拔节期群体数,与单施化肥处理在成熟期相比,群体穗数差异不显著;小麦穗长、穗粒数增加。在6000、9000 kg/hm^2施用水平时,牛粪堆肥A、B、C均能增加小麦产量,产量大小依次为JZ3-A(11057.2 kg/hm^2)>JZ2-C(10842.1 kg/hm^2)>JZ3-B(10425.2 kg/hm^2)>JZ2-B(10035.0 kg/hm^2)>JZ3-C(9863.3 kg/hm^2)>JZ2-A(9758.2 kg/hm^2)>JZ0-CK(9708.2 kg/hm^2)>JZ2-D(9648.2 kg/hm^2)>JZ3-D(9076.2 kg/hm^2);与JZ0-CK处理相比,纯收益在6000 kg/hm^2施用水平时,牛粪堆肥B(JZ2-B,13968.8元/hm^2)、C(JZ2-C,15841.2元/hm^2)分别多增收423.8、2296.2元/hm^2,在9000 kg/hm^2施用水平时,牛粪堆肥A(JZ3-A,15980.3元/hm^2)、B(JZ3-B,14514.1元/hm^2)分别较JZ0-CK多增收2435.3、969.1元/hm^2;牛粪堆肥A(JZ3-A,2.65)、C(JZ2-C,2.70)产投比均优于JZ0-CK(2.51)。

In this manuscript,the effects of cattle manure A(cattle manure+wheat straw+fermentation ripening agent+deodorant),B(cattle manure+wheat straw+deodorant),C(cattle manure+fermentation ripening agent+deodorant)and D(cattle manure+deodorant),which was applied at 6000(JZ2)and 9000(JZ3)kg/hm^2 application levels,respectively,and instead of 20%total chemical fertilizer on wheat yields and economic benefits were studied.Single application of chemical fertilizer was done as JZ0-CK.The results showed that cattle manure could influence the wheat seedling emergence,but could increase wheat groups at elongation stage.There was not significant difference of wheat group at manuring stage compared with JZ0-CK,however,application of cattle manure could increase spike length and kernel number per spike.At 6000,9000 kg/hm^2 levels,cattle manure A,B and C could all increase wheat yields,and the order was JZ3-A(11057.2 kg/hm^2)>JZ2-C(10842.1 kg/hm^2)>JZ3-B(10425.2 kg/hm^2)>JZ2-B(10035.0 kg/hm^2)>JZ3-C(9863.3 kg/hm^2)>JZ2-A(9758.2 kg/hm^2)>JZ0-CK(9708.2 kg/hm^2)>JZ2-D(9648.2 kg/hm^2)>JZ3-D(9076.2 kg/hm^2).Compared with JZ0-CK(13545.0 yuan/hm^2)treatment,cattle manure B(JZ2-B,13968.8 yuan/hm^2)and C(JZ2-C,15841.2 yuan/hm^2),at 6000 kg/hm^2 levels could increase 423.8,2296.2 yuan/hm^2 pure benefits,respectively,while cattle manure A(JZ3-A,15980.3 yuan/hm^2)and B(JZ3-B,14514.1 yuan/hm^2)at 9000 kg/hm^2 level could increase 2435.3,969.1 yuan/hm^2 pure benefits,respectively.Moreover,the output-input ratio of cattle manure A(JZ3-A,2.65)and C(JZ2-C,2.70)was higher than that of JZ0-CK(2.51).