沃尔夫主义在18世纪的俄罗斯

Wolffianism in Russia in the 18th Century

在18世纪俄罗斯欧洲主义语境下的哲学界和思想界,沃尔夫主义可谓大行其道。它对俄罗斯语言哲学传统的形成起到了重要作用。在语言哲学领域,沃尔夫主义带有语言学哲学的性质,其特点是重视精神与世界的关系,强调人在其中的作用,并带有经验主义的色彩。它与俄罗斯传统的人文精神和"人学"思想结合在一起,构成了18世纪后半叶俄罗斯启蒙时代的主旋律。沃尔夫主义在该时期的哲学研究中有比较鲜明的反映,其主要代表人物除了罗蒙诺索夫,还有塔季谢夫和拉季谢夫。他们的相关学术思想为构建俄罗斯语言哲学传统上第一个范式——欧洲主义范式奠定了重要的学理基础。

In the context of Russian Europeanism in the 18th century,Wolffianism was very popular in the circles of philosophy and ideology.It played an important role in the formation of the traditions of Russian language philosophy.In the field of philosophy of language,Wolffianism had the nature of linguistic philosophy,which was characterized by its emphasis on the relationship between the spirit and the world and on the role of human beings in it.In the meantime,it was tinged with a color of empiricism.Wolffianism,combined with the traditional Russian humanistic spirit and the thought of“human studies”,constitutes the main theme of the Russian enlightenment in the second half of the 18th century.In the study of philosophy in this period,there was a clear manifestation of Wolffianism.Besides Lomonosov,Tatishchev and Radishchev were also the representative figures.Their academic ideas laid an important theoretical foundation for the construction of the first paradigm of the traditional Russian philosophy of language—the paradigm of Europeanism.