我国世界一流大学建设政策的特征与发展——基于“985工程”与“双一流”建设的政策文本比较

The Characteristics and Development of Policies on the Construction of the World-first-class Universities in China

"985工程"与"双一流"建设均以创建世界一流大学为宗旨。以"985工程"和"双一流"政策文本为基础,利用文本分析法对我国世界一流大学建设政策进行的比较研究发现:我国世界一流大学建设政策的主导价值取向是为国家发展,政策阶段性目标呈高度稳定状态,人才培养、师资建设等7个领域是世界一流大学建设的着力点,权威工具则是最常用的政策工具。相较于"985工程"政策,"双一流"政策更凸显了为教育发展的价值取向,强调学科建设的基础性作用,重视世界一流大学建设中的社会参与机制构建,采用的政策工具箱也更为丰富。面对新形势,"双一流"建设仍存在重点建设身份固化、弱势学科边缘化、建设成效评价标准异化等风险,政府应通过赋予高校办学自主权,分离评估结果与资源配置关系,构建参照性评价标准等途径促进世界一流大学建设。

"985 Project"and"Double First Class"construction are both on the purpose of creating world-first-class universities. Based on policy text of"985 Project"and"Double First Class"and using the method of textual research, we compared and analyzed the construction policies of the worldfirst-class universities in China. We found that the leading value orientation of the construction policy of the world-first-class universities in China is the value of country development, and it shows a high degree of stability in the stage of the target. The personnel training, the construction of teachers and so on are the main starting points of the construction of world-first-class universities, and the authority is the most commonly used policy tool. Compared to the"985 Project"policy,"Double First Class"policy is more prominent for the value orientation of educational development and emphasizes the fundamental role of discipline construction and the mechanism of social participation in the building of world-firstclass universities, its policy toolbox is more abundant. Under the new context, there are still some risks regarding the"Double First Class"construction, including the identity solidification of key universities,the marginalization of weak disciplines, as well as the abnormality in forming the criteria of the project.The government should promote the construction of world-class universities by granting autonomy to universities, separating the relationship between evaluation results and resource allocation, and constructing reference evaluation standards.