农村中小学办学条件水平的测度与评价——基于因子分析法

Measurement and Evaluation of School-Running Conditions of Rural Primary and Secondary Schools

办学条件是城乡教育一体化发展的重要内容,公平而有质量是进一步完善办学条件的方向与追求。基于2017年全国31个省(区、市)农村中小学办学条件指标数据的因子分析发现:农村中小学办学条件水平可以从现代化教学资源、基础性校舍、学校用地三个维度测度;办学条件水平较高的多数省份优势因子与劣势因子并存,水平较低的省份往往缺少明显的优势因子;在经济发展水平存在地区差异的背景下,房屋建设能力、土地可利用程度、学生数量是影响农村中小学办学条件水平的重要因素。实现办学条件公平而有质量的发展目标需要健全办学条件指标评价体系与相关信息管理系统,基于办学条件指标实际状况进行有针对性地改进,在缩小办学条件数量差距的同时注重提高办学条件质量。

School-running conditions(SRC)are the important contents of the integrated development of urban and rural education, and fairness and quality are the direction and pursuit to further improving it. Based on the factor analysis of the index data of SRC of rural primary and secondary schools in 31 provinces(districts and cities)of China in 2017, it is found that the level of SRC of rural primary and secondary schools can be measured from three dimensions: modern teaching resources, basic school buildings and school land;most provinces with higher level of SRC have both advantages and disadvantages, while provinces with lower level often lack obvious advantages;under the background of regional differences in the level of economic development, building capacity, degree of land availability and the number of students are the important factors affecting the level of SRC of rural primary and secondary schools. To achieve the development goal of SRC, it is necessary to improve the evaluation system of SRC and the related information management system, make targeted improvement based on the actual situation of SRC, and improve the qualitywhile reducing the quantity gapof SRC.