从留学生礼貌语语用失误看汉语课堂语用能力培养

The Development of Pragmatic Competence in Chinese Class Based on Overseas Students’ Pragmatic Failure in Polite Language

礼貌是制约语用的重要因素,在跨文化交际中,留学生由于缺乏对汉文化礼貌特征的了解而常常出现表达不够得体、让人感到"无礼"的尴尬状况。留学生礼貌语语用失误主要是由母语文化负迁移、汉文化礼貌原则未内化、文化认同矛盾三个方面造成的。课堂教学是培养留学生语用能力的重要渠道,我们要做到:以语用学理论为指导,以点带面,找准语用教学的切入点;融会贯通,语料展示与语用知识介绍相结合;学以致用,交际性训练不可少;言传身教,发挥教师的示范作用。

Politeness is a significant constraint factor to pragmatics. Lacking awareness of "the feature of politeness" in Chinese culture, overseas students would be in an embarrassing situation such as making improper and impolite expressions. Overseas students’ pragmatic failure in polite language is caused by three factors, mother language negative cultural transfer, non-internalization of politeness principles in Chinese culture and culture identity conflicts. Classroom teaching is the most helpful approach to develop overseas students’ pragmatic competence. The teachers should locate the breakthrough point in pragmatic teaching, combine language material and pragmatic knowledge introduction and identify successful experiences and apply them to broader areas by using the theory of pragmatics. Also, the teachers should set a good example in practicing what you learned and social language training.