新疆某铜镍矿矿工职业紧张与肌肉骨骼疾患现状及其关系研究

Study on status of occupational stress and musculoskeletal disorders and their relationship of miners in a copper-nickel mine in Xinjiang

目的了解新疆某铜镍矿矿工的职业紧张及肌肉骨骼疾患(MSDs)的现状,探讨矿工职业紧张与肌肉骨骼疾患之间的关系。方法 2016年6月-2017年9月采用分层整群抽样方法,以生产工艺分层选取新疆某铜镍矿全部在册的1 254名符合入选条件的矿工为调查对象。采用工作要求-自主性量表和北欧肌肉骨骼疾患调查问卷对其职业紧张和肌肉骨骼疾患情况进行问卷调查,并对数据进行分析。结果有57.58%的矿工处于职业紧张状态。年龄25~34岁组、月收入<2 500元组和冶炼组矿工的职业紧张检出率较高(均P<0.05)。有63.32%的矿工有肌肉骨骼损伤,其中,颈部患病率(29.19%)最高,其次为肩部(28.63%)。月收入<2 500元组和选矿工工种MSDs患病率较高(均P<0.01)。文化程度、婚姻状况、月收入及职业紧张均是MSDs发生的独立影响因素(均P<0.01)。结论新疆某铜镍矿矿工的职业紧张及MSDs的检出率均较高,且职业紧张是导致MSDs发生的重要危险因素。

Objective To investigate the status of occupational stress and musculoskeletal disorders(MSDs)of miners in a copper-nickel mine in Xinjiang,explore the relationship between occupational stress and musculoskeletal disorders in miners.Methods From June 2016 to September 2017,a stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 1 254 miners who met the selection criteria from a copper-nickel mine in Xinjiang according to the stratified production process. The status of occupational stress and musculoskeletal disorders were investigated with the Job Demand-Control Scale and the Nordic Musculoskeletal Diseases Questionnaire. Results 57.58% of miners were under occupational stress. The detection rate of occupational stress in 25-34 year-old age group,the group with monthly income <2 500 yuan and smelting group was higher than that in other groups(all P<0.05).Musculoskeletal injury was found in 63.32% of the miners. The prevalence of neck was the highest(29.19%),followed by sho ulder(28.63%). The prevalence of MSDs in the group with monthly income <2 500 yuan was higher(P<0.01),and that in the beneficiation miners was higher(P<0.01). Education level, marital status,monthly income and occupational stress could inde pendently affect the occurrence of MSDs(all P<0.01).Conclusion The detection rate of occupational stress and musculoskeletal disorders in miners in a Xinjiang copper-nickel mine is high,and occupational stress is an important risk factor for MSDs.