新疆某油田公司机动车驾驶员职业倦怠水平及其对睡眠质量影响的调查

Investigation on job burnout level and its effect on sleep quality in motor vehicle drivers in an oilfield company of Xinjiang

目的通过对新疆某油田公司机动车驾驶员职业倦怠水平及其对睡眠质量影响的调查,为机动车驾驶员的职业健康干预提供依据。方法于2016年6-8月,采用分层整群抽样方法选取1 200名机动车驾驶员,采用职业倦怠量表(CMBI)和匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)量表进行回顾性调查。结果女性驾驶员的情感耗竭(17.68±8.53)、人格解体维度(14.12±8.10)及职业倦怠总分(49.70±22.16)均高于男性(t=-2.68、4.52、3.04,均P<0.01);大专及以上组驾驶员的人格解体维度得分(13.01±8.16)高于大专以下组(t=2.02,P<0.05);年龄35~45岁组驾驶员的个人成就感降低维度(16.69±8.26)及职业倦怠总分(44.52±19.87)低于其他两组(F=4.12、3.41,均P<0.05);大客运车组的情感耗竭、人格解体和职业倦怠总分维度得分均高于其他组(均P<0.05);油田机动车驾驶员睡眠障碍发生率为22.57%。在不同性别、教育程度、年龄、工种间睡眠障碍发生率差异均有统计学意义(χ~2=14.319、6.377、41.773、23.327,均P<0.05),女性(30.80%)、大专以下组(24.80%)、年龄>45岁组(30.86%)、大客运车组(27.53%)的睡眠障碍发生率较高。Logistic回归分析结果显示,性别(β=0.710)、教育程度(β=-0.595)、工种(β=-0.577)、婚姻状况(β=-0.423)、职业倦怠(β=0.007)均可独立影响驾驶员的睡眠质量,性别、职业倦怠为影响睡眠质量的危险因素,文化程度、工种、婚姻状况为影响睡眠质量的保护因素。结论新疆某油田机动车驾驶员的职业倦怠及睡眠问题较为严重,其职业倦怠程度越高则睡眠质量越差。

Objective Based on the investigation of job burnout level and its effect on sleep quality of motor vehicle drivers in an oilfield company of Xinjiang,to provide the basis for occupational health intervention of this population. Methods From June to August in 2016,1 200 motor vehicle drivers were collected by a stratified cluster sampling method and investigated by the Chinese Maslach Burnout Inventory(CMBI) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI). Results The scores of emotional exhaustion(17.68±8.53),personality disintegration dimension(14.12±8.10) and job burnout(49.70±22.16) of women were higher than those of men(t=2.68,4.52,3.04,all P<0.01). The scores of personality disintegration dimension of college and above group(13.01±8.16) were higher than those of under the college group(t=2.02,P<0.05). The scores of personal accomplishment reduction dimension(16.69±8.26) and job burnout(44.52±19.87) of 35-45 year-old age group were lower than those of other two age groups(F=4.12,3.41,both P <0.05). The scores of emotional exhustion,personality disintegration dimension and job burnout dimension in bus group were higher than those in other groups(all P<0.05). The incidence of sleep disorders among motor vehicle drivers in oil fields was22.57%. There were significant differences in the incidence of sleep disorders among groups in different gender,educational level,age and type of work(χ~2=14.319,6.377,41.773,23.327,all P<0.05). The incidence of sleep disorders was higher in women(30.80%),groups under college level(24.80%),groups older than 45 years old(30.86%) and bus drivers(27.53%). Logistic regression analysis showed that gender(β=0.710),educational level(β=-0.595),type of work(β=-0.577),marital status (β=-0.423) and job burnout(β =0.007) were the independent affecting factors of drivers’ sleep quality. Gender and job burnout were risk factors of sleep quality. Education level,type of work and marital status are protective factors of sleep quality.Conclusion Job burnout and sleep disorders of motor vehicle drivers in oil fields are more serious. The higher the degree of job burnout,the worse the sleep quality.