上海市宝山区399名社区吸毒人员健康状况与社会支持特征分析

Analysis on health status and characteristics of social support in 399 community drug users in Baoshan District of Shanghai

目的了解上海市宝山区社区吸毒人员的健康状况和社会支持特征,探讨二者的相关性。方法采用等比例分层随机抽样的方法,抽取截至2017年12月上海市宝山区在管的420名社区吸毒人员。通过6项临床健康检查项目和4项血清学检测获得调查对象的基础健康状况,通过问卷调查和社会支持量表的测量获得调查对象的基础健康状况和社会支持情况。结果共回收有效问卷399份。初中及以下占60.90%;已婚占39.60%;吸毒后失业占63.91%。B超的影像学异常占33.58%,其中排在前3位的分别为脂肪肝(15.29%)、肾结石(7.27%)和肝囊肿(6.77%),另外有个别肝纤维化(1.25%)。肝功能(转氨酶)异常占11.53%。血清学检测结果中,丙型肝炎病毒抗体阳性率为27.56%,且有2.51%的对象梅毒血清学反应阳性。本次调查人群社会支持总体得分为29.23±6.07,低于常模,主观支持(15.35±3.75)、客观支持(7.20±2.41)、支持利用度(6.68±1.90)得分均低于其他调查人群。在职人群的社会支持总分、主观支持得分和客观支持得分分别为30.58±6.20、16.17±3.88和7.72±2.53,均高于其他职业人群(均P<0.05);已婚人群的社会支持总分、主观支持得分和客观支持得分分别为31.71±6.28、17.01±4.08和8.01±2.50,均高于其他婚姻状况人群(均P<0.05);30~39岁人群的社会支持总分、主观支持得分和客观支持得分分别为30.10±5.92、15.74±3.57和7.69±2.56,均高于其他年龄组人群(均P<0.05)。客观支持水平较高的对象,健康检查异常指标较少,总体健康状况较好。结论肝功能损伤是上海市宝山区社区吸毒人群的主要健康问题。良好的社会支持有益于身心健康,吸毒人群的综合干预需要多部门共同合作。

Objective To learn about the health status and characteristics of social support in community drug users in Baoshan District of Shanghai,discuss the correlation between both. Methods 420 community drug users administrated in Baoshan District as of December 2017 were surveyed by proportional stratified random sampling. 6 clinical examinations and 4 serological tests were use to obtain the basic health status of investigation objects,while questionnaire and social support scale were use to obtain the basic health status and social support characteristics. Results 399 valid questionnaires were collected. The respondents with education level of junior high school and below accounted for 60.90%,39.60% were married,and 63.91% were unemployed after taking drugs. The abnormal rate of B ultrasound was 33.61%,among which the top three were fatty liver(15.29%),kidney stone(7.27%) and liver cyst(6.77%),and there were small number of cases of liver fibrosis(1.25%). The abnormal rate of liver function(transaminase) was 11.53%. In terms of serological results,positive rate of HCV antibody was 27.56%,and positive rate of syphilis was 2.51%. Total score of social support was 29.23±6.07,which was lower than norm. Among the survey population,the score of subjective support,objective support and support utilization was 15.35±3.75,7.20±2.41 and 6.68±1.90,which were lower than other population. The total score of social support,and score of subjective support and objective support in working population were 30.58±6.20,16.17±3.88 and 7.72±2.53,respectively,which were higher than those in other occupational population(all P<0.05). The total score of social support,and score of subjective support and objective support in married population were 31.71 ±6.28,17.01±4.08 and 8.01± 2. 50,respectively,which were higher than those in population of other marital status(all P<0.05). The total score of social support,and score of subjective support and objective support in 30-39 year-old age group was 30.10 ±5.92,15.74 ±3.57 and 7.69 ±2.56 respectively,which were higher than those in other age groups(all P<0.05). The subjects with higher objective support level had less abnormal indexes in health examination and better health status. Conclusion Liver injury is a major health problem in community drug users in Baoshan District of Shanghai. Good social support is beneficial to physical and mental health. The comprehensive intervention in drug users needs collaboration of multi departments.