南北两城市PM2.5样品中多环芳烃检测与特征分析

Detection and feature analysis on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in PM2.5 samples from two cities of North and South China

目的对深圳市(南方城市)和太原市(北方城市)大气细颗粒物(PM2.5)样品进行有机污染物多环芳烃(PAHs)检测和特征分析。方法采集2017—2018年深圳市和太原市PM2.5样品,采用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)测定PM2.5中16种多环芳烃[(萘、苊烯、苊、芴、菲、蒽、荧蒽、芘、苯并(a)蒽、屈、苯并(b)荧蒽、苯并(k)荧蒽、苯并(a)芘、茚并(1,2,3-cd)芘、二苯并(a,h)蒽、苯并(g,h,i)苝]的含量。结果2017—2018年深圳市PHAs浓度在0.160~0.905 ng/m3范围,均<1.000 ng/m3。2017—2018年排序前5位是:萘>菲>荧蒽>苯并(b)荧蒽>苯并(g,h,i)苝。2017—2018年太原市PHAs浓度在0.202~4.415 ng/m3范围,其中5种PAHs[苯并(b)荧蒽,屈,荧蒽,芘,苯并(a)芘]均>2.000 ng/m3,2017—2018年排序前5位是:苯并(b)荧蒽>屈>荧蒽>芘>苯并(a)芘。经分析,2017和2018年太原PM2.5多种PAHs浓度高于深圳,特别是苯并(b)荧蒽、屈、荧蒽、芘、苯并(a)芘、苯并(a)蒽、苯并(g,h,i)苝均显著高于深圳(均P<0.01)。结论太原市PM2.5中大部分PAHs浓度显著高于深圳市,说明太原市大气污染程度比深圳市严重,需要加强环境保护工作,预防PAHs对人群的健康危害。

Objective To detect the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in atmospheric fine particles(PM2.5) of Shenzhen City(Southern cities) and Taiyuan City(Northern cities),carry out the feature analysis. Methods PM2.5 samples were collected in Shenzhen City and Taiyuan City from 2017-2018. 16 PAHs [naphthalene,acenaphthylene,acenaphthene,fluorine,phenanthrene,anthracene,fluoranthene,pyrene,benz(a)anthracene,chrysene,benzo(b)fluoranthene,benzo(k)fluoranthene,benzo(a)pyrene,indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene,dibenz(a,h)anthracene,benzo(g,h,i)perylene] in PM2.5 samples were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS). Results From 2017-2018, the PAHs levels in Shenzhen City ranged from 0. 160 to 0. 905 ng/m3,all data were below 1.000 ng/m3. The order of top five PAHs was naphthalene > phenanthrene >fluoranthene >benzo(b)fluoranthene>benzo(g,h,i) perylene. From 2017-2018,the PAHs levels in Taiyuan City ranged from 0.202 to 4.415 ng/m3,the levels of five PAHs [benzo(b) fluoranthene,chrysene,fluoranthene,pyrene,benzo(a)pyrene were higher than 2. 000 ng/m3.The order of top five PAHs was benzo(b) fluoranthene > chrysene > fluoranthene > pyrene > benzo( a) pyrene. By statistical analysis,several PAHs levels of PM2.5 in Taiyuan City were higher than those in Shenzhen City,especially the levels of benzo(b)fluoranthene,chrysene,fluoranthene,pyrene,benzo(a)pyrene,benz(a)anthracene,and benzo(g, h, i) perylene were significantly higher than those in Shenzhen City(all P<0.01). Conclusion Most kinds of PAHs in Taiyuan PM2.5 samples are significantly higher than those of Shenzhen PM2.5,these results indicate that the environmental pollution in Taiyuan City is more serious than in Shenzhen City. Environmental protection should be strengthened to prevent the health hazards of PAHs.